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Related Concept Videos

Tracheostomy: Procedure and Tubes01:28

Tracheostomy: Procedure and Tubes

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A tracheostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an artificial opening into the trachea, typically at the second or third cartilaginous ring level. This opening allows the insertion of a tracheostomy tube, which can replace an endotracheal tube, provide mechanical ventilation, bypass an upper airway obstruction, or remove accumulated tracheobronchial secretions.
Tracheostomy tubes can be made of semiflexible plastic (polyurethane or silicone), rigid plastic, or metal, and they come in...
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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques01:30

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques

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Airway management is essential in emergency and surgical medicine, ensuring ventilation and oxygenation in patients who cannot maintain their own airway. Clinicians use a range of techniques and devices to secure the airway, depending on the patient’s condition and the clinical context. Key methods include endotracheal intubation, rapid sequence intubation (RSI), supraglottic airway devices, and advanced visualization aids. In cases where these approaches fail, surgical airway...
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Tracheostomy Decannulation01:21

Tracheostomy Decannulation

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Tracheostomy decannulation is a significant milestone in the liberation of mechanically ventilated patients. Despite its importance, there is no universally accepted protocol for this procedure. This demands an evidence-based, individualized approach.
Description of the Procedure
Decannulation refers to the permanent removal of the tracheostomy tube, signaling the resolution of the condition that initially necessitated the tracheostomy. The process requires a well-coordinated interplay between...
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Tracheostomy Care I: Pre-procedural Steps01:16

Tracheostomy Care I: Pre-procedural Steps

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A tracheostomy is a surgical technique that involves making an incision in the neck to provide access to the trachea. It is frequently used in medical conditions such as airway obstruction and prolonged mechanical ventilation. Effective nursing management is crucial for the long-term success of a tracheostomy.
Required Equipment
The equipment necessary for tracheostomy care includes:
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Tracheostomy Care II: Procedure01:25

Tracheostomy Care II: Procedure

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Tracheostomy care is an essential nursing skill that involves cleaning and maintaining a tracheostomy tube to prevent infection and other complications. Here's a step-by-step guide explaining each procedure with its rationale. Note that disposable gloves are to be worn at all times and changed as often as needed to maintain a sterile work environment, and to protect both patient and healthcare worker.
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene, and put on personal protective equipment: gown, gloves, mask...
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Oxygen Delivering System III: Tracheostomy and T-piece01:23

Oxygen Delivering System III: Tracheostomy and T-piece

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Oxygen delivery is critical in clinical care, especially for patients with respiratory disorders or those undergoing surgical procedures. Various systems, such as tracheostomy and the T-piece, deliver oxygen to the lungs, ensuring adequate arterial oxygenation.
Tracheostomy
A tracheostomy is a surgically created opening (stoma) in the anterior part of the trachea. It is used to establish a patient airway, bypass an upper airway obstruction, simplify the removal of secretions, permit long-term...
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Updated: Nov 8, 2025

Endotracheal Intubation via Tracheotomy and Subsequent Thoracotomy in Rats for Non-Survival Applications
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Endotracheal Intubation via Tracheotomy and Subsequent Thoracotomy in Rats for Non-Survival Applications

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Comparing tracheostomy techniques: Bjork flap vs. tracheal window.

Maeve M Kennedy1, Yassmeen Abdel-Aty2, David G Lott3

  • 1Head and Neck Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 13400 East Shea Blvd., Scottsdale, AZ 85259, United States of America.

American Journal of Otolaryngology
|April 24, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Patient factors like body mass index and need for ventilation influence tracheostomy technique choice. Bjork flaps are favored for higher BMI and ventilation needs, while windows are used more in head and neck cancer patients.

Keywords:
AirwayBjork flapTracheaTracheostomyTracheotomy

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Heterotopic and Orthotopic Tracheal Transplantation in Mice used as Models to Study the Development of Obliterative Airway Disease
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Heterotopic and Orthotopic Tracheal Transplantation in Mice used as Models to Study the Development of Obliterative Airway Disease

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Manufacture of a Multi-Purpose Low-Cost Animal Bench-Model for Teaching Tracheostomy
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Heterotopic and Orthotopic Tracheal Transplantation in Mice used as Models to Study the Development of Obliterative Airway Disease
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Manufacture of a Multi-Purpose Low-Cost Animal Bench-Model for Teaching Tracheostomy
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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Surgical Techniques
  • Patient Outcomes

Background:

  • Tracheostomy is a common surgical procedure with various operative techniques.
  • The choice between Bjork flap and window techniques can be influenced by patient-specific factors.
  • Understanding these influencing factors is crucial for optimizing surgical decisions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate patient factors that guide the selection between Bjork flap and window tracheostomy techniques.
  • To identify demographic and clinical characteristics associated with each surgical approach.
  • To analyze the impact of patient factors on the decision-making process for tracheostomy.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 217 tracheostomies performed between January 2015 and December 2019.
  • Analysis of patient demographics, comorbidities, indications, operative details, and complications.
  • Comparison of Bjork flap versus window techniques based on patient characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Bjork flap was more common in patients with higher BMI, requiring ventilatory support, or with a history of stroke.
  • Window technique was more frequently used in patients with prior neck dissection or radiation therapy.
  • No significant differences were found in post-operative bleeding, reoperation rates, or time to decannulation between the two techniques.

Conclusions:

  • Patient factors such as BMI, need for mechanical ventilation, stroke history, and head and neck cancer influence the choice of tracheostomy technique.
  • Bjork flaps are associated with prolonged ventilation and higher BMI, while windows are more common in head and neck cancer patients.
  • Further prospective research is recommended to compare long-term outcomes of these tracheostomy techniques.