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Reconstructing the heart using iPSCs: Engineering strategies and applications.

Sangkyun Cho1, Chelsea Lee1, Mark A Skylar-Scott2

  • 1Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94025, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94025, USA.

Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology
|April 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are revolutionizing cardiac tissue engineering for cardiovascular disease research. These engineered heart tissues offer advanced 3D models for studying disease mechanisms and drug responses.

Keywords:
3D bioprintingCardiac organoidsCardiovascular tissue engineeringEngineered heart tissueiPSC

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Cardiovascular Research

Background:

  • Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are crucial for creating 3D human cardiac tissue models.
  • These models facilitate research into cardiovascular disease mechanisms, drug efficacy, and developmental biology.
  • Numerous iPSC-derived cardiac models, including spheroids, organoids, and heart-on-a-chip systems, have been developed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the fundamental biological components of cardiac muscle units derived from iPSCs.
  • To summarize fabrication strategies for in vitro cardiac tissue reconstruction at various scales.
  • To discuss the future potential of these platforms in cardiovascular research and clinical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on iPSC-derived cardiac tissue engineering.
  • Analysis of biological building blocks: iPSC-derived cells, extracellular matrix, and biophysical cues.
  • Summary of fabrication techniques for in vitro cardiac models.

Main Results:

  • iPSC-derived cells, scaffolds, and maturation cues are essential for functional cardiac units.
  • Diverse fabrication methods enable the creation of cardiac tissues with varying scales and geometries.
  • Ongoing advancements are enhancing scalability and maturity of engineered cardiac tissues.

Conclusions:

  • Engineered heart tissues from iPSCs are vital tools for basic and translational cardiovascular research.
  • Future improvements in scalability and maturity will expand their utility in disease modeling and drug testing.
  • These platforms hold significant promise for advancing cardiovascular medicine.