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Related Concept Videos

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Neurulation

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Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...
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Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata...
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Development of the reproductive organs in an embryo starts from a bipotential state. This means the early embryo can develop either male or female reproductive organs. The formation of these organs begins with the growth of gonadal ridges that arise from the intermediate mesoderm during the fifth week of development.
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Embryonal Neuromesodermal Progenitors for Caudal Central Nervous System and Tissue Development.

Mohammed R Shaker1, Ju-Hyun Lee2, Woong Sun2

  • 1Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia.

Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
|April 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Neuromesodermal progenitors (NMPs) are crucial bipotent cells forming diverse trunk tissues during development. This review details NMP identification and their role in generating neural and mesodermal cells for trunk elongation.

Keywords:
Axial elongationNeural tubeNeuromesodermal progenitorsNeurulationSpinal cord development

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Neuromesodermal progenitors (NMPs) are essential bipotent cells during embryonic development.
  • NMPs generate a wide array of mesodermal and neural lineages contributing to trunk formation.
  • Their self-renewal capacity is limited but persists during axial elongation, highlighting their importance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the identification and characterization of NMPs across various species.
  • To discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing NMP differentiation.
  • To elucidate the role of NMPs in building elongating trunk tissues.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of NMP identification across different species.
  • Review of molecular signaling pathways regulating NMP fate.
  • Examination of cellular processes involved in trunk tissue development from NMPs.

Main Results:

  • NMPs are conserved across species, demonstrating a fundamental role in vertebrate development.
  • Key molecular players and cellular behaviors governing neural and mesodermal differentiation from NMPs have been identified.
  • NMPs are confirmed as a primary source for diverse trunk tissues, including muscles, bones, and neurons.

Conclusions:

  • NMPs are critical for generating the diverse cell types of the embryonic trunk.
  • Understanding NMP biology provides insights into developmental processes and potential therapeutic strategies.
  • Further research into NMP differentiation pathways can advance regenerative medicine and developmental studies.