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Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets01:17

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Transmission-based precautions are for patients known to be infected or suspected to be infected or colonized with organisms that pose a significant risk to others. Some transmission-based precautions include contact, enteric, and droplet.
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Infection Burden in Mismatched Unrelated Donor Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Results from the ACCESS Trial.

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Clinical Management of Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease: An Evidence-Based Review from the ASTCT Committee on Practice Guidelines.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 8, 2025

Bone Marrow Transplantation Platform to Investigate the Role of Dendritic Cells in Graft-versus-Host Disease
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GVHD Prophylaxis 2020.

Mahasweta Gooptu1, Joseph Harry Antin1

  • 1Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States.

Frontiers in Immunology
|April 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Graft-vs. host disease (GVHD) prevention is crucial for allogeneic transplant success. Novel therapies targeting T-cell pathways and early pathogenesis show promise beyond calcineurin inhibitors for improved GVHD prophylaxis.

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Immunology
  • Transplantation Medicine

Background:

  • Graft-vs. host disease (GVHD) is a major complication of allogeneic transplantation, causing significant morbidity and mortality.
  • Current GVHD prevention strategies primarily rely on calcineurin inhibitors, with limited efficacy in preventing severe forms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current standards and novel translational advances in GVHD prophylaxis.
  • To discuss emerging pre-clinical research with potential clinical applications for GVHD prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Review of pathophysiology and immunobiology of GVHD.
  • Analysis of translational advances including T-cell depletion, co-stimulatory pathway modulation, regulatory T-cell enhancement, and targeting T-cell trafficking and cytokine pathways.
Keywords:
GvHD prophylaxisT-cell depletionT-cell modulationT-cell traffickingcalcineurin inhibitorspost-transplant cyclophosphamide

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  • Discussion of novel pre-clinical strategies targeting early GVHD pathogenesis.

    • Main Results:

    • Calcineurin inhibitors remain the standard of care for GVHD prophylaxis.
    • Post-transplant cyclophosphamide is an emerging alternative, reducing severe acute and chronic GVHD without compromising outcomes.
    • T-cell modulation, particularly targeting co-stimulatory pathways, shows promising results for future GVHD prophylaxis.

    Conclusions:

    • GVHD prophylaxis is evolving with a deeper understanding of its immunobiology.
    • Novel therapies targeting T-cell interactions, endothelial toxicity, and trafficking pathways offer transformative potential.
    • Emerging strategies like post-transplant cyclophosphamide and T-cell modulation are becoming attractive alternatives to traditional calcineurin inhibitor-based prophylaxis.