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Updated: Nov 8, 2025

A Probing Device for Quantitatively Measuring the Mechanical Properties of Soft Tissues during Arthroscopy

A Probing Device for Quantitatively Measuring the Mechanical Properties of Soft Tissues during Arthroscopy

Published on: May 1, 2020

Tool-tissue forces in surgery: A systematic review.

Aida Kafai Golahmadi^1,2, Danyal Z Khan^3,4, George P Mylonas²

¹Imperial College London School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom.

Annals of Medicine and Surgery (2012)

|April 26, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Surgical tool-tissue forces vary significantly by specialty, tissue type, and procedure. Novice surgeons use more force, but feedback systems can reduce it, improving surgical safety and effectiveness.

Keywords:

Force feedback Force sensors Haptic feedback Operative forces Robotic surgery Robotics Smart instruments Surgical forces Tool-tissue interaction

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Area of Science:

Surgical Engineering
Biomechanics
Medical Instrumentation

Background:

Tool-tissue interaction forces are critical in surgery, impacting outcomes.
Excessive forces cause damage; insufficient forces hinder task completion.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review surgical tool-tissue interaction forces.
To explore variations across surgical specialities, tissues, maneuvers, and experience levels.

Main Methods:

A PRISMA-guided systematic review of Embase, Medline, and Web of Science databases.
Analysis of 45 studies on surgical tool-tissue forces.

Main Results:

Forces ranged from 0.04N (ophthalmology) to 210N (orthopaedics).
Nervous tissue required least force (0.4N), connective tissue/bone most (45.8N).
Drilling required highest forces (14N), sharp dissection lowest (0.03N). Novices used 22.7% more force; feedback reduced forces by 47.9%.

Conclusions:

Tool-tissue force measurement is a growing field with implications for safety and effectiveness.
Force application varies by surgical context and operator factors.
Objective force measurement can aid surgical training and assessment, driving innovation in smart instruments and robotics.