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Related Concept Videos

Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells01:19

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Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells01:23

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The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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Generation of Multicellular Human Primary Endometrial Organoids
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The Elusive Endometrial Epithelial Stem/Progenitor Cells.

Fiona L Cousins1,2, Ronald Pandoy3, Shiying Jin3

  • 1The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
|April 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Researchers have identified human and mouse endometrial epithelial stem/progenitor cells, crucial for tissue regeneration. This review details their markers, location, and roles in the menstrual cycle and disorders like endometriosis.

Keywords:
adul stem cellendometriumepithelial cellshumanlineage tracingmouseprogenitor cellstem cell niche

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Stem Cell Research
  • Gynecology

Background:

  • The human endometrium regenerates cyclically throughout a woman's reproductive life.
  • Stem/progenitor cells in the basalis layer are key to endometrial regeneration.
  • Endometrial epithelial stem/progenitor cells are less understood than mesenchymal stem cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the discovery and characteristics of human and mouse endometrial epithelial stem/progenitor cells.
  • To highlight recent advancements in identifying markers and understanding the in vivo identity of these cells.
  • To discuss their roles in endometrial dynamics and potential involvement in disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on endometrial stem/progenitor cells.
  • Analysis of studies identifying putative markers for epithelial stem/progenitor cells.
  • Discussion of in vitro functional assays and in vivo lineage tracing techniques.

Main Results:

  • Identification of human and mouse endometrial epithelial stem/progenitor cells.
  • Characterization of putative markers revealing in vivo identity and location.
  • Elucidation of cell interactions, hierarchy, and roles in endometrial regeneration and re-epithelialization.

Conclusions:

  • Endometrial epithelial stem/progenitor cells are vital for cyclical endometrial regeneration.
  • Understanding these cells offers insights into endometrial repair and proliferative disorders.
  • Further research into their markers and functions is crucial for reproductive health.