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CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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Updated: Nov 8, 2025

Author Spotlight: Streamlining Rice Breeding with CRISPR/Cas for Obtaining Optimal Phenotypic and Agronomic Traits
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CRISPR ribonucleoprotein-mediated genetic engineering in plants.

Yingxiao Zhang1, Brian Iaffaldano1, Yiping Qi1,2

  • 1Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.

Plant Communications
|April 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary

CRISPR ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) offer DNA-free plant genome editing with fewer off-target effects. However, challenges in plant regeneration and selection limit current RNP applications in crop improvement.

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CRISPRRNPgenetic engineeringgenome editingtransgene free

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biotechnology
  • Genome editing
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • CRISPR technologies have transformed plant genetic engineering.
  • Traditional methods like Agrobacterium-mediated transformation can lead to DNA integration and off-target mutations.
  • CRISPR ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) present an alternative for DNA-free editing with reduced risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current advancements in RNP-mediated plant genetic engineering.
  • To identify challenges hindering the broader application of RNP technology in plants.
  • To suggest future research directions for improving RNP-based plant editing.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on RNP-mediated plant genetic engineering.
  • Analysis of advantages and limitations of RNP delivery systems.
  • Comparison with traditional CRISPR delivery methods.

Main Results:

  • RNP-mediated editing offers DNA/transgene-free modification, minimal off-target mutations, and controlled dosage.
  • Current RNP applications show modest editing efficiency in many plant species.
  • Difficulties in plant regeneration and selection remain significant hurdles.

Conclusions:

  • RNP technology holds great promise for plant genetic engineering due to its safety and efficiency advantages.
  • Overcoming regeneration and selection challenges is crucial for expanding RNP use in crops.
  • Further research is needed to optimize RNP delivery and application across diverse plant species.