Trichoderma as biological control agent: scope and prospects to improve efficacy

Area of Science:

• Agricultural Science
• Microbiology
• Plant Pathology

Background:

• Increasing food production while preserving natural resources is a major global challenge.
• Sustainable agricultural practices that improve soil quality and productivity are essential.
• Trichoderma species are recognized for their potential in promoting plant growth and managing crop diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the applications of Trichoderma strains in agriculture for controlling fungal pathogens, nematodes, and insects.
• To summarize the biocontrol mechanisms, efficacy, and various inoculation methods of Trichoderma.
• To discuss strategies for enhancing Trichoderma's antagonistic performance and practical application.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on Trichoderma applications in agriculture.
• Analysis of biocontrol mechanisms, including direct antagonism and induced resistance.
• Compilation of data on efficacy across greenhouse, field, and post-harvest conditions.

Main Results:

• Trichoderma effectively controls a range of fungal pathogens, nematodes, and insects affecting crops.
• Biocontrol efficacy is influenced by factors like strain selection, application timing, and delivery methods.
• Various strategies, including formulation and integrated approaches, can enhance Trichoderma's performance.

Conclusions:

• Trichoderma species offer a sustainable biological control solution for agriculture.
• Optimizing application strategies and exploring novel methods can further expand Trichoderma's utility.
• Further research is needed to fully leverage Trichoderma's potential in sustainable food production.