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Alcohol protects against cholesterol gallstone formation
W H Schwesinger1, W E Kurtin, R Johnson
1Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio.
Annals of Surgery
|June 1, 1988
Summary
Moderate alcohol consumption, specifically ethanol, may prevent cholesterol gallstone formation. This study found ethanol intake reduced cholesterol saturation in bile, inhibiting gallstone development in prairie dogs.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Hepatology
- Metabolic Research
Background:
- Epidemiologic studies suggest alcohol intake may offer protection against cholelithiasis (gallstone formation).
- Understanding the mechanisms behind gallstone formation is crucial for developing preventative strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effect of ethanol consumption on cholesterol gallstone formation in a controlled animal model.
- To elucidate the specific changes in bile composition induced by ethanol that may inhibit gallstone development.
Main Methods:
- Twenty prairie dogs were fed a cholesterol-supplemented liquid diet for 3 months.
- Ten animals received ethanol (35% of calories), while ten pair-fed controls received isocaloric maltose.
- Gallbladder analysis included visual inspection for stones and detailed bile composition analysis.
Main Results:
- No gallstones were observed in the ethanol-fed group, unlike the control group.
- Ethanol intake significantly reduced biliary cholesterol concentration and the cholesterol saturation index.
- Alterations in bile acid profiles, specifically the ratio of trihydroxy to dihydroxy bile acids, were observed in the ethanol group.
Conclusions:
- Ethanol consumption effectively inhibits cholesterol gallstone formation.
- The protective effect is associated with decreased biliary cholesterol and specific modifications in bile acid composition.
- These findings support a potential role for moderate ethanol intake in gallstone prevention.