Update on shunt closure in neonates and infants

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Cardiology
• Interventional Cardiology
• Congenital Heart Disease

Background:

• Congenital heart defects causing shunting are common and can lead to significant hemodynamic changes in neonates and infants.
• Management of these defects in small children presents unique challenges.
• Transcatheter techniques have advanced significantly, offering new treatment options.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current transcatheter techniques and devices for closing cardiac shunts in neonates and infants.
• To summarize the latest data and outcomes for interventional closure of specific defects.
• To provide an expert opinion on the future of these procedures.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of PubMed articles up to January 2021.
• Focus on interventional techniques for atrial septal defects, ventricular septal defects, patent ductus arteriosus, and coronary arteriovenous malformations/fistulas.
• Emphasis on studies involving neonates and infants.

Main Results:

• Transcatheter closure is feasible and safe for various shunting lesions in small patients.
• Review covers techniques and outcomes for atrial septal defects, ventricular septal defects, patent ductus arteriosus, and coronary arteriovenous malformations.
• Latest data indicates successful application of interventional procedures in this age group.

Conclusions:

• Transcatheter closure is an essential management strategy for significant shunting lesions in neonates and infants.
• Ongoing development of lower-profile devices will expand interventional options for smaller and more complex cases.
• Understanding and utilizing these interventional procedures is crucial for optimal patient care.