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Reporting and recording are crucial in data documentation. The timely, thorough, and accurate documentation of facts is essential when recording patient data. Failure to record findings during an assessment or interpretation of a problem will result in loss of information and make the patient document unreliable. The reader is left with general impressions if the information is not specific. A recording is documenting data of the individual's health information in a traceable, secure, and...
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A life table is a statistical tool that summarizes the mortality and survival patterns of a population, providing detailed insights into the likelihood of survival or death across different age intervals within a cohort. By organizing data on survival probabilities and mortality rates, life tables offer a clear snapshot of population dynamics over time. They are extensively used in demography, public health, actuarial science, and ecology to analyze life expectancy, design health interventions,...
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Life tables are versatile across various fields, providing a quantitative basis for analyzing mortality and survival rates. Whether used by demographers, actuaries, epidemiologists, or sociologists, life tables offer valuable insights into the dynamics of life and death, facilitating informed decisions in public health, insurance, conservation, and beyond. Their broad applicability highlights the interconnectedness of demographic data with practical outcomes in everyday life and strategic...
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The actuarial approach, a statistical method originally developed for life insurance risk assessment, is widely used to calculate survival rates in clinical and population studies. This method accounts for participants lost to follow-up or those who die from causes unrelated to the study, ensuring a more accurate representation of survival probabilities.
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Updated: Nov 8, 2025

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Propensity Score using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index
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Counting the dead and making the dead count: configuring data and accountability.

Brian Rappert1

  • 1Department of Sociology, Philosophy and Anthropology, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK. B.Rappert@exeter.ac.uk.

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences
|April 26, 2021
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Summary

This study compares UK government responses to Covid-19 and Iraq War deaths, revealing how data practices shape accountability. Understanding these counting methods is crucial for democratic oversight and future pandemic inquiries.

Keywords:
AccountabilityCovid-19DataExcess deathsIgnoranceIraq

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Area of Science:

  • Political Science
  • Sociology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • This research investigates the relationship between data, counting methodologies, and governmental accountability.
  • It compares the UK government's handling of deaths during the 2020 Covid-19 pandemic with its response to fatalities from the 2003 Iraq invasion.

Observation:

  • The study analyzes how data was defined, collected, and utilized in both crises.
  • It identifies similarities and differences in data practices, focusing on what constituted 'data' and how it was counted.

Findings:

  • The article introduces 'leaks' and 'cascades' as metaphors to describe data practices that configure counts, counting, and accountability.
  • It demonstrates how these data configurations influence the boundaries of democratic accountability.

Implications:

  • By contrasting Covid-19 deaths with war casualties, the research offers insights into how claims of truth and ignorance function in official inquiries.
  • This analysis provides a framework for understanding governmental transparency and accountability in public health crises and military conflicts.