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Related Concept Videos

Waterproofing and Anti-Bacterial Admixtures in Concrete01:22

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Concrete's susceptibility to water absorption is due to the capillary action within the pores of its hydrated cement paste. This action draws water in, creating the need for waterproofing admixtures to prevent such penetration. The efficacy of these admixtures is contingent upon the water pressure, with variations arising from different conditions such as rain, capillary rise, or hydrostatic pressure in structures intended to hold water.
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Updated: Nov 8, 2025

Production and Analysis of Sporosarcina pasteurii Biocement Bricks Using Custom 3D-Printed Molds for Unconfined Compression Tests
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Smart soil grouting using innovative urease-producing bacteria and low cost materials.

S M Ezzat1, A Y I Ewida1

  • 1Microbiology Department, Central Laboratory for Environmental Quality Monitoring (CLEQM), National Water Research Center (NWRC), Cairo, Egypt.

Journal of Applied Microbiology
|April 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Alkalibacterium iburiense bacteria effectively solidify sandy soils using microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) with cost-effective technical-grade reagents. This eco-friendly method enhances soil strength for geotechnical applications.

Keywords:
bacteriacalcitelow costsoil groutingurease enzyme

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Sandy Soil Improvement through Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation MICP by Immersion
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Area of Science:

  • Geotechnical Engineering
  • Microbiology
  • Biomineralization

Background:

  • Ureolytic bacteria mediate calcium carbonate precipitation, a process known as microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP).
  • MICP strengthens sandy soils, but the choice of bacteria and reagent grade impacts efficacy and cost.
  • Optimizing MICP for soil consolidation requires balancing effectiveness with economic viability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of bacterial type and reagent grade on MICP for sandy soil strengthening.
  • To identify cost-effective and efficient methods for microbially induced soil consolidation.
  • To evaluate the potential of Alkalibacterium iburiense for biogrouting applications.

Main Methods:

  • Factorial experiments were designed to assess bacterial type and reagent grade effects on MICP.
  • Optimum growth conditions for MICP were determined, including pH, electrical conductivity, optical density, ammonium concentration, and urease activity.
  • A surface percolation method with staged injection was employed for sand column treatment, comparing technical-grade and analytical-grade reagents.
  • Unconfined compressive strength and CaCO3 content were measured to evaluate soil improvement.

Main Results:

  • Alkalibacterium iburiense strain EE1 demonstrated significant biogrouting activity.
  • Optimal conditions for MICP were established: pH 9.56, EC 44.7 mS cm⁻¹, OD600 2.04, NH4+ 487.06 mmol l⁻¹, and urease activity 20.0 mmol l⁻¹ min⁻¹.
  • No significant difference in biomass and urease activity was observed between technical-grade and analytical-grade media.
  • The staged injection method reduced bacterial culture and cementation solution ratio by 50% compared to parallel injection.
  • Unconfined compressive strength ranged from 0.64 to 2.11 kg cm⁻², with CaCO3 content from 5.7% to 38.5%.
  • SEM images confirmed the precipitated CaCO3 was stable calcite.

Conclusions:

  • Alkalibacterium iburiense and technical-grade reagents are effective for sandy soil consolidation under non-sterile conditions.
  • The developed approach is eco-friendly and cost-effective, suitable for large-scale geotechnical engineering applications.