Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 8, 2025

Comprehensive & Cost Effective Laboratory Monitoring of HIV/AIDS: an African Role Model
23:56

Comprehensive & Cost Effective Laboratory Monitoring of HIV/AIDS: an African Role Model

Published on: October 31, 2010

16.9K

HIV-Associated Nephropathy among Children with Renal Disease in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

T A Uchenwa1, I C Anochie2

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.

West African Journal of Medicine
|April 26, 2021
PubMed

Insights

HIV-associated Nephropathy (HIVAN) affects pediatric renal patients, with vertical transmission being common. A study in Nigeria found an 8.9% prevalence of HIVAN, noting homosexuality as a new transmission route in older adolescents.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Paediatrics

Background:

  • HIV-associated Nephropathy (HIVAN) is a significant cause of End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) in HIV-infected individuals.
  • HIVAN is the most common renal disease in HIV patients, with vertical transmission being the primary route.
  • Limited research exists on HIVAN prevalence and impact among children with renal diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence and impact of HIVAN among pediatric renal patients in Port Harcourt, Southern Nigeria.
  • To identify the routes of HIV transmission in this patient group.
  • To highlight emerging transmission patterns of HIVAN in pediatric renal disease.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective study of renal patients managed at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital from December 2016 to March 2019.
  • Diagnosis of HIVAN based on proteinuria, urinary sediment, serum creatinine, renal ultrasound, and histology (focal segmental glomerulosclerosis).
  • Analysis of sociodemographic data, clinical presentation, HIV transmission route, laboratory results, treatment, and outcomes using SPSS version 25.0.

Main Results:

  • 10 out of 112 (8.9%) renal disease cases were diagnosed with HIVAN.
  • HIVAN patients aged 4-17 years; 40% had Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), and 20% had ESRD.
  • HIV transmission was vertical in 80% and sexual (homosexuality) in 20% of older adolescent cases. Mortality was 30%.

Conclusions:

  • A rising prevalence of HIVAN is observed in pediatric renal disease patients in the study region.
  • Homosexuality represents a newly identified route of HIV transmission in older adolescent renal patients.
  • HIVAN significantly impacts renal disease progression and outcomes in pediatric populations.
Abstract

More Related Videos

An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings19:57

An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings

Published on: March 30, 2014

18.8K
Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors10:29

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Published on: May 9, 2025

1.8K

Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
64
Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
243
Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
116
Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
383
Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...
234
Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
316