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Published on: January 12, 2018
Unequal care: Racial/ethnic disparities in neonatal intensive care delivery
Dhurjati Ravi1, Alexandra Iacob2, Jochen Profit1
1Perinatal Epidemiology and Health Outcomes Research Unit, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; California Perinatal Quality Care Collaborative, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Insights
Racial disparities in neonatal intensive care persist despite advances. Improving both clinical and family-centered care in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) is crucial for better outcomes in minority preterm infants.
Area of Science:
- Neonatology
- Health Disparities
- Healthcare Quality
Background:
- Significant racial and ethnic disparities exist in outcomes for preterm newborns despite advances in neonatal intensive care.
- Factors contributing to these disparities include systemic racism and structural disadvantages, alongside differential quality of care within neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).
- Minority infants are disproportionately cared for in lower-quality NICUs and may receive suboptimal care.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify mechanisms leading to lower quality care for minority preterm infants.
- To highlight modifiable sources of disparity within NICU care.
- To inform strategies for eliminating disparities in neonatal care and outcomes.
Main Methods:
- This is a review article, synthesizing existing research on neonatal care disparities.
- Analysis focuses on identifying key factors influencing the quality of care received by minority infants.
- The review examines both technical (clinical) and relational (family engagement) aspects of care.
Main Results:
- Differential quality of care in NICUs is a significant and modifiable source of disparity.
- Improvements in technical and relational care processes are critical for enhancing outcomes.
- Addressing inequities in NICU care is essential for achieving equitable outcomes for all preterm infants.
Conclusions:
- Eliminating racial/ethnic disparities in neonatal outcomes requires addressing inequities in NICU care quality.
- Enhancing both clinical interventions and family-centered support is vital.
- Targeted improvements in care processes can mitigate the impact of systemic disadvantages on minority infants.
Abstract:
Advances in neonatal intensive care have improved outcomes for preterm newborns, but significant racial/ethnic disparities persist. Neonatal disparities have their origin in a complex set of factors that include systemic racism and structural disadvantages endured by minority families, but differential quality of care in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) remains an important and modifiable source of disparity. NICU care has been shown to be segregated and unequal: Black and Hispanic infants are more likely to be cared for in lower quality NICUs and may receive worse care within a NICU. To eliminate disparities in care and outcomes, it is important to identify and address the mechanisms that lead to lower quality care for minority preterm infants. In this review, we identify improvements in both technical (clinical) and relational (engaging and supporting families) processes of care as critical to better outcomes for minority infants and families.
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