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Acute Leucoencephalopathy with Restricted Diffusion in Children - A case series
Mahesh Kamate1, Mayank Detroja2, Virupaxi Hattiholi3
1Professor of Pediatrics and In.Charge Child Development Centre, KAHER University's J N Medical College, Belgaum, Karnataka, India.
Neurology India
|April 27, 2021
Summary
Acute leukoencephalopathy with restricted diffusion is a significant cause of childhood encephalopathy, often leading to prolonged illness and lasting neurological issues like cognitive impairment and epilepsy.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Neurology
- Neuroimaging
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Acute leukoencephalopathy with restricted diffusion (ALERD) is an emerging neurological condition in children.
- Understanding its clinical and radiological features is crucial for diagnosis and management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the clinico-radiological profile of pediatric ALERD.
- To analyze the outcomes and sequelae in affected children.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective chart review of 16 children diagnosed with ALERD between July 2015 and July 2018.
- Analysis of clinical data, neuroimaging findings (MRI), and modified Rankin Scores.
Main Results:
- The study included 16 children (mean age 4.4 years) with ALERD, predominantly presenting with fever, seizures, and altered sensorium.
- MRI revealed diffusion restriction in all cases, with varied symmetry.
- Significant sequelae included post-encephalopathic epilepsy (43.7%), behavioral problems (62.5%), speech issues (50%), and cognitive delay (18.8%).
Conclusions:
- ALERD is an important cause of acute encephalopathy in children, characterized by a protracted course.
- Long-term sequelae such as cognitive impairment and refractory epilepsy are common, necessitating further research and management strategies.
