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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 8, 2025

Fetal Echocardiography and Pulsed-wave Doppler Ultrasound in a Rabbit Model of Intrauterine Growth Restriction
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How to define late fetal growth restriction.

Judit Martinez1,2, David Boada1,2, Francesc Figueras1,2

  • 1Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

Minerva Obstetrics and Gynecology
|April 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Identifying fetuses with fetal growth restriction (FGR) is crucial for optimizing care and reducing risks. Severe smallness and cerebroplacental ratio are key indicators for high-risk pregnancies.

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Area of Science:

  • Perinatology
  • Fetal Medicine
  • Obstetrics

Background:

  • Placental insufficiency affects third-trimester fetuses, hindering growth and increasing perinatal risks.
  • Standard umbilical artery Doppler often fails to detect this severe placental issue.
  • Early identification of at-risk fetuses is vital for improved outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review parameters for identifying high-risk fetuses with fetal growth restriction (FGR).
  • To differentiate between early and late FGR for tailored management.
  • To highlight the importance of accurate FGR diagnosis for perinatal care.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on identifying FGR.
  • Analysis of key diagnostic parameters including fetal size and cerebroplacental ratio.
  • Discussion of the role of uterine artery Doppler and angiogenic factors.

Main Results:

  • Severe smallness and cerebroplacental ratio are consistent indicators of FGR.
  • Thirty-two weeks of gestation is the threshold for late FGR.
  • Distinguishing early from late FGR is essential due to differing outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate identification of FGR, particularly late-onset, is critical for optimizing fetal surveillance and reducing adverse outcomes.
  • Cerebroplacental ratio and fetal smallness are reliable markers.
  • Further research into angiogenic factors is warranted.