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Updated: Nov 8, 2025
14:19
Fetal Echocardiography and Pulsed-wave Doppler Ultrasound in a Rabbit Model of Intrauterine Growth Restriction
Published on: June 29, 2013
28.4K
How to define late fetal growth restriction.
Judit Martinez1,2, David Boada1,2, Francesc Figueras1,2
1Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Minerva Obstetrics and Gynecology
|April 27, 2021
Summary
Identifying fetuses with fetal growth restriction (FGR) is crucial for optimizing care and reducing risks. Severe smallness and cerebroplacental ratio are key indicators for high-risk pregnancies.
Area of Science:
- Perinatology
- Fetal Medicine
- Obstetrics
Background:
- Placental insufficiency affects third-trimester fetuses, hindering growth and increasing perinatal risks.
- Standard umbilical artery Doppler often fails to detect this severe placental issue.
- Early identification of at-risk fetuses is vital for improved outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review parameters for identifying high-risk fetuses with fetal growth restriction (FGR).
- To differentiate between early and late FGR for tailored management.
- To highlight the importance of accurate FGR diagnosis for perinatal care.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on identifying FGR.
- Analysis of key diagnostic parameters including fetal size and cerebroplacental ratio.
- Discussion of the role of uterine artery Doppler and angiogenic factors.
Main Results:
- Severe smallness and cerebroplacental ratio are consistent indicators of FGR.
- Thirty-two weeks of gestation is the threshold for late FGR.
- Distinguishing early from late FGR is essential due to differing outcomes.
Conclusions:
- Accurate identification of FGR, particularly late-onset, is critical for optimizing fetal surveillance and reducing adverse outcomes.
- Cerebroplacental ratio and fetal smallness are reliable markers.
- Further research into angiogenic factors is warranted.
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