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The curious case of case study research.

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Case study research (CSR) in health professions education is complex and contextual. Rigorous CSR, focusing on thick descriptions and close interpretations, can advance the science and inform practice, despite challenges in current reporting.

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Area of Science:

  • Health professions education research
  • Medical education science
  • Qualitative research methodologies

Background:

  • Traditional medical education research often emphasizes hypothesis testing for universal truths.
  • The complexity and context-specific nature of health professions education necessitate alternative research approaches.
  • Case study research (CSR) offers a method for examining locally based innovations with potential general value.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the current state of case study research (CSR) in the medical education literature.
  • To explore definitions, methodologists, tenets, and logics of CSR.
  • To identify challenges and opportunities within CSR in health professions education.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of 160 papers identified as 'case studies' in medical education literature.
  • Analysis of dominant CSR methodologists (Yin, Stake, Merriam).
  • Examination of core CSR principles including case definition, data collection, analysis, and logic.

Main Results:

  • A significant portion of articles labeled 'case studies' did not adhere to rigorous CSR principles.
  • Many studies presented descriptive accounts without in-depth analysis or interpretation.
  • Identified common challenges in CSR, including generalizability, ethical considerations, and reporting.

Conclusions:

  • Context is a critical mechanism in health professions education that requires thorough understanding.
  • Rigorous CSR provides the necessary structure and critical analysis to understand context.
  • Effective CSR can open new avenues for inquiry and advance the scientific understanding of medical and health professions education.