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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 8, 2025

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Update on pain in arthritis.

Sabah Bharde1, Sara Caxaria, Francesco Dell'Accio

  • 1William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK.

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Summary

Osteoarthritis pain mechanisms are complex and vary between individuals. Better classification integrating structural and pain outcomes is needed for improved diagnosis and treatment of this degenerative joint disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Pain Medicine
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by pain.
  • Current understanding of OA pain mechanisms faces challenges due to poorly characterized pain phenotypes.
  • Animal models often focus solely on structural damage, limiting translational insights into pain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review progress and obstacles in understanding pain mechanisms in osteoarthritis.
  • To highlight the need for improved classification of OA that includes pain outcomes.
  • To discuss advancements for better diagnosis, trial design, and understanding of OA pain.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on osteoarthritis pain mechanisms.
  • Analysis of clinical and animal studies focusing on structural and pain outcomes.
  • Evaluation of current OA classification systems and their limitations.

Main Results:

  • Osteoarthritis pain phenotypes are heterogeneous, influenced by inflammatory and neuropathic components.
  • Pain in OA does not consistently correlate with structural joint damage.
  • Animal models exhibit variable disease progression and pain pathway activation.

Conclusions:

  • A revised OA classification incorporating both structural and pain outcomes is essential.
  • Improved stratification of patients based on pain phenotypes is necessary for effective treatment.
  • Advancements in OA pain research will enhance diagnosis, trial design, and understanding of disease progression.