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Related Concept Videos

Structural Classification of Joints01:20

Structural Classification of Joints

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Joints, also known as articulations, are classified based on their structural characteristics, i.e., based on whether the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones are directly connected by fibrous connective tissue or cartilage, or whether the articulating surfaces contact each other within a fluid-filled joint cavity. These differences serve to divide the joints of the body into three structural classifications.
A fibrous joint is where the adjacent bones are united by fibrous connective...
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Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

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The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
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Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

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The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
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Dissection, MicroCT Scanning and Morphometric Analyses of the Baculum
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Local Superimpositions Facilitate Morphometric Analysis of Complex Articulating Structures.

Daniel Rhoda1, Marion Segall2, Olivier Larouche3

  • 1Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago, 5801 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.

Integrative and Comparative Biology
|April 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Geometric morphometrics can now analyze complex articulating structures using local superimpositions. This method isolates shape variation, improving the study of biological form in diverse organisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Biomechanics
  • Geometric morphometrics

Background:

  • Articulating structures, like skeletons and exoskeletons, are key to eukaryotic diversity.
  • Analyzing their form is crucial for understanding biological diversity.
  • 3D data is available, but arbitrary element positions hinder analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and evaluate "matched local superimpositions" for analyzing complex articulating structures.
  • To compare local superimposition with conventional Procrustes methods.
  • To demonstrate the utility of local superimpositions in empirical studies.

Main Methods:

  • Simulations to test superimposition approaches.
  • Application of "matched local superimpositions" to landmark data.
  • Analysis of empirical datasets (wrasses, snakes).

Main Results:

  • Local superimpositions isolate shape variation by sacrificing size/positional data.
  • This method can create apparent morphometric modules.
  • Effects are comparable to spurious integration from other methods.

Conclusions:

  • Local superimposition techniques offer predictable differences from conventional methods.
  • This approach is essential for studying complex articulating structures.
  • Empirical data highlights the promise and utility of local superimpositions.