Contractile proteins participate in release of erythroid growth regulators from mononuclear cells

We have investigated the role of contractile proteins of circulating mononuclear cells in generation of membrane-associated, erythroid growth regulatory molecules. Lymphocytes and monocytes were incubated under serum-free conditions without and with cytochalasin B, cytochalasin D, or colchicine, and effects on positive and negative erythropoietic activities were determined in cell membranes and in surface membrane vesicle-rich pellets and supernatants of dialyzed medium conditioned by the cells. In serum-free cultures of human bone marrow, plasma membranes and exfoliated membrane-derived vesicles from cytochalasin-treated lymphocytes lost their capacity to support the formation of erythroid bursts, while monocyte membrane-associated inhibitory activity was abolished by preincubation with cytochalasin. In contrast, membrane-associated activities of colchicine-treated cells were unaffected. Cytochalasin-induced alterations of membrane regulatory molecules were observed in a dose-dependent fashion over a wide range of concentrations (1 to 100 micrograms/mL) tested. However, the capacity of membrane vesicle-free supernatants of medium conditioned by lymphocytes or monocytes was unaffected by cytochalasins, regardless of drug concentration used. Lysates of cytochalasin B-treated cells inhibited the activity of deoxyribonuclease I to a greater degree than did lysates of untreated cells, suggesting that the relative amount of monomeric actin is increased in the cytoplasm of treated cells. Furthermore, results of experiments with D-glucose and with cytochalasin D suggest that cytochalasin effects are independent of alterations in glucose metabolism. The data indicate that expression of plasma membrane-associated regulators is sensitive to agents that block polymerization of actin. They raise the possibility that changes in distribution of actin between unpolymerized and filamentous pools may influence the organization and/or function of mononuclear cell surface-associated erythroid regulatory molecules.