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Distinct Microbial Signatures between Periodontal Profile Classes.

J T Marchesan1, K Moss2, T Morelli1

  • 1Division of Comprehensive Oral Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.

Journal of Dental Research
|April 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals distinct microbial and immune profiles across periodontal disease classifications. These findings support personalized periodontal treatment strategies based on specific patient subgroups.

Keywords:
adaptive immunitybiofilmdysbiosisperiodontitisrace factorssex characteristics

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Area of Science:

  • Periodontology
  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Data Science

Background:

  • Accurate periodontal disease classification is crucial for effective treatment.
  • New data-driven classifications, like the Periodontal Profile Class (PPC) taxonomy, aim to improve disease stratification.
  • Understanding the microbiological and immunological basis of these classifications is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the microbiological and immunological signatures associated with the Periodontal Profile Class (PPC) taxonomy.
  • To investigate potential demographic differences in immune responses to periodontal pathogens.
  • To determine if distinct microbial profiles correlate with specific periodontal disease severities.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of demographic, subgingival biofilm microbial composition, and serum IgG antibody levels from 1,450 participants in the Dental Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.
  • Utilized latent class analysis (LCA) for periodontal stratification (PPC).
  • Employed t tests and generalized linear models with Bonferroni correction for statistical analysis.

Main Results:

  • Men and African Americans exhibited higher systemic antibody levels against most periodontal microorganisms.
  • Periodontally healthy individuals (PPC-I) showed low biofilm bacteria and low serum IgG levels.
  • Severe disease (PPC-IV) and severe tooth loss (PPC-VII) groups presented high levels of multiple biofilm pathogens, with varying systemic antibody responses.
  • Specific pathogens like *Campylobacter rectus* and *Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans* were elevated in high gingival index individuals (PPC-V).

Conclusions:

  • The PPC system demonstrates distinct microbial and immunological profiles across disease strata, supporting its biological validity.
  • Findings suggest a biological basis for increased periodontal disease risk in men and African Americans.
  • The identified microbial-host imbalances and distinct profiles within PPC subgroups offer potential for precise, biologically-based treatment interventions.