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Related Concept Videos

Electroconvulsive Therapy01:30

Electroconvulsive Therapy

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Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early...
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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 8, 2025

Electroconvulsive Seizures in Rats and Fractionation of Their Hippocampi to Examine Seizure-induced Changes in Postsynaptic Density Proteins
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Long-Term Risk of Developing Dementia After Electroconvulsive Therapy for Affective Disorders.

Simon Hjerrild1, Johnny Kahlert2, Poul-Erik Buchholtz1

  • 1From the Department for Affective Disorders.

The Journal of ECT
|April 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for severe depression does not increase the long-term risk of developing dementia. This study found no significant difference in dementia incidence between ECT patients and those not receiving ECT.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Severe depression is linked to a higher risk of dementia.
  • The impact of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) on dementia risk in depression patients is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) modifies the risk of developing dementia in patients with affective disorders.

Main Methods:

  • A matched cohort study compared 1089 ECT patients with 3011 non-ECT patients and 108,867 individuals from the general population.
  • Dementia diagnoses were tracked via the national patient health registry, with analyses adjusted for comorbidities.

Main Results:

  • The cumulative incidence of dementia after 34 years was 13.45% in the ECT cohort, 10.53% in the non-ECT cohort, and 8.43% in the background population.
  • The adjusted hazard ratio for dementia was 0.73 for the non-ECT cohort and 0.61 for the background cohort, relative to the ECT cohort.
  • No age-related differences in dementia risk were observed between the ECT and non-ECT groups.

Conclusions:

  • Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for affective disorders is not associated with an increased long-term risk of dementia.
  • Findings suggest ECT is a safe treatment option concerning future dementia development.