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Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

Diabetic Retinopathy

DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Author Spotlight: Ex Vivo OCT-Based Multimodal Imaging of Human Donor Eyes for Research into Age-Related Macular Degeneration
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Pachydrusen, choroidal vascular hyperpermeability, and punctate hyperfluorescent spots.

Hyun Goo Kang1,2, Jae Yong Han1, Min Kim1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Eonjuro 211, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Graefe'S Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology = Albrecht Von Graefes Archiv Fur Klinische Und Experimentelle Ophthalmologie
|April 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Pachydrusen, a type of drusen, often appeared with punctate hyperfluorescent spots (PHS) in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) or pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV). New drusen frequently formed at these PHS sites over time.

Keywords:
Indocyanine-green angiographyOptical coherence tomography angiographyPachychoroidPachydrusenPolypoidal choroidal vasculopathy

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Retinal Diseases
  • Choroidal Imaging

Background:

  • Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) and pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV) are significant causes of vision impairment.
  • Understanding the evolution and associated features of these conditions is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between pachydrusen and choroidal vascular hyperpermeability (CVH) and punctate hyperfluorescent spots (PHS).
  • To analyze the occurrence and progression of these features on serial imaging in patients with PCV or PNV.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 105 eyes diagnosed with PCV or PNV between 2007 and 2016.
  • Serial multimodal imaging assessment to evaluate drusen subtypes, CVH, and PHS.
  • Statistical analysis to determine associations between pachydrusen, CVH, and PHS.

Main Results:

  • Pachydrusen was the most common drusen subtype (51.4%).
  • CVH and PHS were more frequent in PNV eyes.
  • Significant correlations were found between CVH and PHS, and PHS with pachydrusen.
  • New drusen co-localized to PHS in 21.0% of eyes over long-term follow-up.

Conclusions:

  • Pachydrusen trends to appear with PHS in PCV or PNV.
  • PHS may represent a form of "forme fruste" drusen associated with choriocapillaris micro-ischemia.
  • Long-term follow-up revealed frequent new drusen formation at PHS sites.