Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds02:33

Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds

10.3K
In this lesson, we delve into the role of ring conformation and its stability, which determines the spatial arrangement and, consequently, the molecular symmetry and stereoisomerism of cyclic compounds. 1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane is used as a case study to evaluate the possible number of stereoisomers. Here, given the multiple (n = 2) chiral centers, there are 2n = 4 possible configurations that lack a plane of symmetry, as the ring skeleton exists in a non-planar chair conformation. In addition,...
10.3K
Conformations of Cyclohexane02:11

Conformations of Cyclohexane

14.2K
Cyclohexane does not exist in a planar form due to the high angle and torsional strain it would experience in the planar structure. Instead, it adopts non-planar chair and boat conformations.
The chair form is the most stable and derives its name from its resemblance to the “easy chair.” In the chair conformation, two carbon atoms are arranged out-of-plane — one above and one below, minimizing the torsional strain. In the chair form, the bond angle is very close to the ideal...
14.2K
Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers02:25

Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers

14.1K
Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...
14.1K
¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution00:52

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution

1.0K
At room temperature, the chair conformer of cyclohexane undergoes rapid ring flipping between two equivalent chair conformers at a rate of approximately 105 times per second. These two chair conformers are in equilibrium. The rapid ring flipping results in the interconversion of the axial proton to an equatorial proton and an equatorial to the axial proton. Such interconversions are too rapid and cannot be detected on the NMR timescale. Hence, the NMR spectrometer cannot distinguish between the...
1.0K
Chirality02:25

Chirality

27.8K
Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
27.8K
Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur02:30

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

6.4K
Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...
6.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Second harmonic generation of myofibrils exhibits a polarization-resolved "gradient" effect.

Biomedical optics express·2025
Same author

Uncovering the multivariate genetic architecture of frailty with genomic structural equation modeling.

Nature genetics·2025
Same author

ROS transfer at peroxisome-mitochondria contact regulates mitochondrial redox.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2025
Same author

Polarization-Resolved Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy of Silk Fibers Is Sensitive to β-Sheet Orientation and Molecular Structure.

ACS applied bio materials·2025
Same author

Effect of out of plane orientation on polarization second harmonic generation of single collagen fibrils.

Biomedical optics express·2024
Same author

Torsion and bistability of double-twist elastomers.

Soft matter·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 7, 2025

Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction
11:17

Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction

Published on: January 19, 2016

22.4K

Chiral phase-coexistence in compressed double-twist elastomers.

Matthew P Leighton1, Laurent Kreplak2, Andrew D Rutenberg2

  • 1Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada. andrew.rutenberg@dal.ca and Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.

Soft Matter
|April 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We model liquid crystal cylinders using anisotropic rubber elasticity. In compression, we found distinct high and low twist phases, allowing significant compression at constant stress, consistent with collagen fibril behavior.

More Related Videos

High-Contrast and Fast Photorheological Switching of a Twist-Bend Nematic Liquid Crystal
06:24

High-Contrast and Fast Photorheological Switching of a Twist-Bend Nematic Liquid Crystal

Published on: October 31, 2019

6.6K
Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
09:22

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives

Published on: February 7, 2017

8.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 7, 2025

Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction
11:17

Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction

Published on: January 19, 2016

22.4K
High-Contrast and Fast Photorheological Switching of a Twist-Bend Nematic Liquid Crystal
06:24

High-Contrast and Fast Photorheological Switching of a Twist-Bend Nematic Liquid Crystal

Published on: October 31, 2019

6.6K
Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
09:22

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives

Published on: February 7, 2017

8.0K

Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science
  • Liquid Crystal Physics

Background:

  • Biological systems often exhibit complex structures like cross-linked double-twist liquid crystal cylinders.
  • Understanding the mechanical properties of these structures is crucial for comprehending their function and behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To adapt anisotropic rubber elasticity theory for modeling double-twist liquid crystal cylinders.
  • To investigate the mechanical response of these cylinders under extension and compression.

Main Methods:

  • Application of anisotropic rubber elasticity theory.
  • Mathematical modeling of cross-linked double-twist liquid crystal cylinders.
  • Analysis of mechanical extension and compression behaviors.

Main Results:

  • Strain-straightening was recovered in mechanical extension, with an exact expression in the small twist-angle limit.
  • A coexistence of high and low twist phases was observed during compression.
  • This phase coexistence occurs at small compressive strains and is robust across various anisotropic cross-links and double-twist functions, disappearing at large twist angles.
  • Significant compression at constant stress is possible within the coexistence region.

Conclusions:

  • The developed model provides a theoretical framework for understanding the mechanical behavior of double-twist liquid crystal cylinders.
  • Observed phenomena, such as phase coexistence during compression, are consistent with experimental observations of collagen fibrils.
  • The findings suggest this mechanical behavior is experimentally accessible and relevant to biological structures.