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Reporting and recording are crucial in data documentation. The timely, thorough, and accurate documentation of facts is essential when recording patient data. Failure to record findings during an assessment or interpretation of a problem will result in loss of information and make the patient document unreliable. The reader is left with general impressions if the information is not specific. A recording is documenting data of the individual's health information in a traceable, secure, and...
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Measurement is an indispensable part of analytical chemistry. The result of measurement helps quantify a substance's physical property and compare it with the physical property of another substance. Each measurement comprises two components - a number indicating the magnitude and a unit of measurement as a standard for comparison. Further, the same quantity can be measured using different units of measurement, which leads to differences in magnitude.
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Updated: Nov 7, 2025

In Vivo Confocal Microscopy: A Standard Operating Procedure for the Detection of Demodex Mites at the Eyelid Margin
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IMI 2021 Yearly Digest.

Monica Jong1,2,3, Jost B Jonas4, James S Wolffsohn5

  • 1Discipline of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
|April 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The International Myopia Institute (IMI) Yearly Digest summarizes recent myopia research. Advances include new definitions, genetic discoveries, and innovative interventions like specialized spectacles and combination therapies for myopia control.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Genetics
  • Clinical Research

Background:

  • Myopia research has rapidly advanced since the initial International Myopia Institute (IMI) white papers.
  • Understanding myopia progression and its genetic underpinnings is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight significant research findings in myopia published between 2019 and mid-2020.
  • To inform on new definitions, experimental models, genetics, interventions, and clinical management of myopia.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a comprehensive literature search for myopia-related articles from 2019 to mid-2020.
  • Included conference abstracts from major ophthalmology and myopia-related meetings during the same period.

Main Results:

  • Identified over 1000 myopia articles, detailing advances in premyopia definitions and pathologic myopia.
  • Highlighted new genetic loci (336 identified), pharmacologic treatments (e.g., latanoprost), and novel interventions (e.g., defocus incorporated multisegment spectacles, low-dose atropine with orthokeratology).
  • Discussed ethical considerations for placebo controls, myopia reduction metrics, and risks associated with pediatric orthokeratology (OK).

Conclusions:

  • Significant research progress in myopia has been made since the 2019 IMI white papers.
  • The yearly digest serves as a vital resource for the latest myopia research and advancements.
  • Continued research is essential for addressing the increasing prevalence and impact of myopia globally.