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IMI Prevention of Myopia and Its Progression
Jost B Jonas1, Marcus Ang2,3, Pauline Cho4
1Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany.
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
|April 28, 2021
Summary
Increasing myopia prevalence necessitates interventions. Encouraging outdoor time in children is a safe strategy, complemented by clinical methods like low-dose atropine and specialized lenses to slow myopia progression.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Public Health
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Myopia prevalence is rising globally, particularly in East and Southeast Asia.
- Pathologic myopia leads to irreversible blindness, with high myopia being a key modifiable risk factor.
- Effective strategies are needed to curb myopia development and progression.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review effective strategies for reducing myopia prevalence and progression.
- To highlight the benefits of outdoor time for myopia prevention.
- To discuss clinical interventions for myopia control.
Main Methods:
- Review of population-based and interventional studies on myopia.
- Analysis of strategies including increased outdoor time, low-dose atropine, multifocal spectacles, multifocal contact lenses, and orthokeratology.
- Consideration of risk-benefit ratios for individual patients.
Main Results:
- Encouraging children to spend more time outdoors is a safe and effective strategy for myopia prevention.
- Clinical interventions such as low-dose atropine (0.01%-0.05%), multifocal spectacle lenses, multifocal contact lenses, and orthokeratology can reduce or slow myopia progression.
- These methods are not mutually exclusive and can be combined.
Conclusions:
- Increased outdoor time is a primary strategy for myopia prevention in children.
- Clinical interventions offer options for managing myopia progression, with individualized risk-benefit assessments crucial.
- Combined strategies may offer enhanced myopia control outcomes.
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