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Related Concept Videos

Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides01:26

Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides

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Polysaccharides such as glycogen and starch are synthesized from nucleoside diphosphate sugars, primarily uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) and adenosine diphosphate glucose (ADPG). These activated glucose donors act as key intermediates in carbohydrate metabolism and biosynthesis. UDPG primarily involves glycogen synthesis in animals and many bacteria, while ADPG plays a fundamental role in starch synthesis in plants and certain bacteria.UDPG is formed when glucose-1-phosphate reacts with...
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Oligosaccharide Assembly01:24

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Protein glycosylation starts in the ER lumen and continues in the Golgi apparatus. Glycosyltransferases catalyze the addition of sugar molecules or glycosylation of proteins. Usually, these enzymes add sugars to the hydroxyl groups of selected serine or threonine residues to form O-linked glycans or the amino groups of asparagine residues to form N-linked glycans. Different positions on the same polypeptide chain can contain differently linked glycans.
Multiple sugar molecules that may or may...
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Other Glycolytic Pathways01:24

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The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) operates in parallel with glycolysis, facilitating the metabolism of both pentoses and glucose. This pathway consists of two distinct phases: the oxidative and non-oxidative phases. While it does not directly generate ATP, the intermediates formed during the process can integrate into glycolysis, contributing to cellular energy metabolism when required.Oxidative Phase: NADPH ProductionThe oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway is primarily...
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Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

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Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
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Sugars as Energy Storage Molecules01:10

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Sugar (a simple carbohydrate) metabolism (chemical reactions) is a classic example of the many cellular processes that use and produce energy. Living things consume sugar as a major energy source because sugar molecules have considerable energy stored within their bonds. Consumed carbohydrates have their origins in photosynthesizing organisms like plants. During photosynthesis, plants use the energy of sunlight to convert carbon dioxide gas into sugar molecules, like glucose. Because this...
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Overview of Carbohydrate Metabolism01:19

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Carbohydrate metabolism is a fundamental biochemical process that ensures a constant supply of energy to living cells. The most important carbohydrate is glucose, which can be broken down via glycolysis to enter into the Krebs cycle and eventually lead to the production of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
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Hierarchical and Programmable One-Pot Oligosaccharide Synthesis
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Monosaccharide biosynthesis pathways database.

Jaya Srivastava, P Sunthar, Petety V Balaji

    Glycobiology
    |April 28, 2021
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces the Monosaccharide Biosynthesis Pathways Database, a novel resource detailing enzymes and pathways for monosaccharide synthesis. It aids in understanding glycan complexity and enzyme evolution.

    Keywords:
    bioinformaticsdata-miningdatabasemonosaccharidesprediction

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    Area of Science:

    • Carbohydrate Chemistry
    • Enzymology
    • Bioinformatics

    Background:

    • Glycans exhibit significant structural complexity due to diverse monosaccharides, linkages, and branching patterns.
    • While many monosaccharides exist, comprehensive information on their biosynthesis pathways and enzymes is fragmented.
    • Existing knowledge covers 55 fully and some partially characterized monosaccharide biosynthesis pathways.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To establish a centralized, comprehensive database for monosaccharide biosynthesis pathways and associated enzymes.
    • To facilitate research on glycan structure, enzyme function, and evolutionary relationships.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature curation to gather data on 572 experimentally characterized enzymes from 66 biosynthesis pathways.
    • Database development (http://www.bio.iitb.ac.in/mbpd/) including annotations for enzymes (reactions, specificity, pathways, PubMed IDs).
    • Inclusion of sequence homologs from ~13,000 bacterial and archaeal genomes.

    Main Results:

    • The Monosaccharide Biosynthesis Pathways Database is the first of its kind.
    • It contains detailed annotations for 572 enzymes involved in 66 pathways.
    • Includes sequence homologs from a vast number of microbial genomes.

    Conclusions:

    • The database serves as a valuable resource for researchers studying glycans and carbohydrate metabolism.
    • It supports evolutionary analyses of enzyme families like aminotransferases and SDRs.
    • Facilitates experimental validation of enzyme functions and gene annotations.