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Related Concept Videos

Fatigue01:21

Fatigue

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Fatigue occurs when materials rupture under repeated or fluctuating loads, even at stress levels far below their static breaking strength. It typically results in brittle failure, even for ductile materials. It is a critical consideration in designing machines and structural components subjected to repetitive or varying loads. The nature of these loadings can range from fluctuating loads like unbalanced pump impellers causing vibrations to repeatedly bending a thin steel rod wire back and forth...
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Fatigue Strength of Concrete01:22

Fatigue Strength of Concrete

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Fatigue, in the context of materials science and engineering, refers to the weakening or failure of a material caused by repeatedly applied loads, even if these loads are below the strength limit of the material. Fatigue strength in concrete is a critical property that influences its durability and longevity. Concrete can fail in two ways due to fatigue. Static fatigue or creep rupture occurs under a constant load or one that increases slowly. The other failure mode is due to cyclical or...
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Factors Affecting Workability01:24

Factors Affecting Workability

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The workability of concrete is a critical characteristic that influences the ease of mixing, handling, and finishing the concrete. It is affected by several factors including water content, aggregate properties, and admixtures like air entrainment. Water plays a fundamental role as it lubricates the concrete mix, facilitating easier movement and placement. However, the water requirement varies depending on the texture and shape of aggregates. Finer particles and angular, rough-textured...
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Cohesion01:07

Cohesion

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Cohesion is the attraction between molecules of the same type, such as water molecules. Water molecules have an overall neutral charge but are polar molecule. An oxygen atom in one water molecule has a partial negative charge that can bind to a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge in a second water molecule, forming a hydrogen bond. Each water molecule can form up to four hydrogen bonds with other water molecules. Hydrogen bonds are responsible for water's cohesive nature.
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Factors Affecting Activity Coefficient01:17

Factors Affecting Activity Coefficient

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The extended Debye-Hückel equation indicates that the activity coefficient of an ion in an aqueous solution at 25°C depends on three partially interdependent properties: the ionic strength of the solution, the charge of the ion, and the ion size. 
The activity coefficient value for an ion is close to one when the solution has almost zero ionic strength, i.e., when the solution shows close to ideal behavior. As the ionic strength of the solution increases from 0 to 0.1 mol/L, a...
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Factors Affecting Creep01:28

Factors Affecting Creep

253
In normal-weight aggregate concrete, the hardened cement paste is the primary contributor to creep, whereas the aggregates, being stiffer than the cement paste, are more resilient to stress-induced deformation. The stiffness of the aggregates is defined by their modulus of elasticity, and the more voluminous they are in the concrete, the less it will creep.
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SET levels contribute to cohesion fatigue.

Lu Yang1, Qian Zhang1, Tianhua Niu1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112.

Molecular Biology of the Cell
|April 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Elevated SET protein levels in cancer cells weaken centromeric cohesion, promoting chromosome instability (CIN). Restoring cohesion involves the SET-Sgo1 pathway, not solely phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Cancer Research
  • Molecular Genetics

Background:

  • Chromosome instability (CIN) is a key cancer hallmark, driven by cellular defects like weak centromeric cohesion.
  • The molecular mechanisms causing these defects, particularly in cancer, remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of SET protein in centromeric cohesion and its contribution to chromosome instability in cancer.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying impaired centromeric cohesion in cancer cells.

Main Methods:

  • Screening of SET protein levels across various cancer cell lines and comparison with non-transformed cells.
  • Assessing centromeric cohesion using MG132-induced cohesion fatigue assays.
  • Evaluating the impact of SET knockdown, PP2A activity modulation, and Sgo1 manipulation on centromeric cohesion.

Main Results:

  • Most cancer cells exhibit higher SET protein levels than normal cells, correlating with weak centromeric cohesion.
  • Partial SET knockdown strengthens centromeric cohesion without altering overall phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity.
  • SET overexpression, but not PP2A activity, directly impairs centromeric cohesion, modulated by the Sgo1 pathway.

Conclusions:

  • Overexpression of SET protein contributes significantly to impaired centromeric cohesion in cancer cells.
  • A misregulated SET-Sgo1 pathway, rather than compromised PP2A activity, underlies weak centromeric cohesion in cancer.
  • Targeting the SET-Sgo1 pathway may offer therapeutic strategies for cancers with CIN.