3D Cancer Models: The Need for a Complex Stroma, Compartmentalization and Stiffness

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Biomedical Engineering
• Cancer Research

Background:

• 3D cancer models are increasingly used in research due to their biomimicry.
• Current 3D models lack the full complexity of native tumor tissues.
• Key limitations include variations in stiffness, collagen density, and cellular composition.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and evaluate various 3D cancer models.
• To outline the benefits and limitations of different models.
• To assess biomimicry concerning stiffness, collagen density, compartmentalization, and extracellular matrix.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of existing 3D cancer models.
• Focus on models assessing stiffness, collagen density, and compartmentalization.
• Evaluation of methods for measuring cancer invasion and growth.

Main Results:

• 3D models offer enhanced biomimicry compared to 2D cultures.
• Tumoroids demonstrate high biomimicry, comparable to PDX and in vivo models.
• Key factors for biomimicry include stiffness, collagen density, and tumor-stroma compartmentalization.

Conclusions:

• Tumoroids represent a promising 3D cancer model with significant biomimicry.
• Further development of 3D models is needed to fully replicate native tissue complexity.
• Improved biomimicry in future models will enhance the study of cancer progression.