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Related Concept Videos

Surveys02:16

Surveys

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Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
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Data Collection by Survey01:07

Data Collection by Survey

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The systematic method of obtaining and analyzing accurate information of a population is called data collection. A survey is a standard method of data collection that involves collecting information from a target human population about their experience, opinion, or knowledge of a product, service, or process. The responses are recorded and interpreted. The most common survey examples are written questionnaires, face-to-face or telephonic conversations, focus groups, and electronic (e-mail or...
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Convenience Sampling Method00:55

Convenience Sampling Method

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Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. Data are the result of sampling from a population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population.
Convenience sampling is a non-random method of sample selection; this method selects individuals that are easily accessible and may result in biased data. For example, a marketing...
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Types of Surveys01:27

Types of Surveys

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Surveys are essential for marking property boundaries near water bodies. Different types of surveys are defined, each with its own function. Land surveys mark the property boundaries, while route surveys determine the position of properties on nearby highways. Topographic surveys create maps by capturing the three-dimensional features of the land. Hydrographic surveys focus on the shapes of underwater areas and the movement of streams through the properties. Mine surveys determine the relative...
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Data Collection by Observations01:08

Data Collection by Observations

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Data collection refers to a systematic way of obtaining, observing, measuring, and analyzing accurate information. Observational studies are one of the most widely used methods of data collection. It involves collecting data by observing the behavior and physical characteristics of a sample without making any modifications to the sample.
An astronomer viewing the motion and brightness of stars in the sky and recording the data is an example of observational data collection. A botanist recording...
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Sample Proportion and Population Proportion01:20

Sample Proportion and Population Proportion

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Collecting samples or responses from an entire population takes significant time and effort, so a researcher collects responses from only a sample of that population. Suppose a study needs to collect information about a specific mobile application. After sample collection, the researcher analyzes the data and discovers that most individuals in the sample use that specific mobile application. The sample proportion measures the number of individuals in a sample who either use or don't use the...
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Standard Survey Data: Insights Into Private Sector Utilization.

Dominic Montagu1,2, Nirali Chakraborty2

  • 1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.

Frontiers in Medicine
|April 29, 2021
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Summary

The private sector plays a significant role in healthcare delivery across most low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), providing substantial outpatient and inpatient services. Analysis shows no clear global trend towards or away from private care, though it disproportionately benefits wealthier populations for inpatient services.

Keywords:
health governancehealth policyhealth seeking behaviorprivate sectoruniversal health coverage

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Area of Science:

  • Health Policy and Systems Research
  • Global Health
  • Health Economics

Background:

  • Universal Health Coverage (UHC) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) increasingly involves private healthcare providers.
  • Understanding the role of the private sector is crucial for effective health policy and UHC.
  • Government-managed health insurance schemes are integrating private facilities, necessitating cross-ownership policies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the extent of private sector involvement in healthcare provision across LMICs.
  • To identify regional variations in public-private healthcare delivery.
  • To examine trends in private care utilization and its association with wealth.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of recent (2010-2019) inpatient and outpatient care data from 65 countries.
  • Inclusion of data from Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys alongside Demographic Health Surveys.
  • Aggregation of data by World Health Organization (WHO) regions.

Main Results:

  • The private sector delivers a significant portion of healthcare services in most regions outside of Europe (e.g., 40% in PAHO, AFRO, WPRO; 57% in SEARO; 62% in EMRO).
  • No clear global or regional trends towards or away from private care were observed within LMICs.
  • Private inpatient care is more concentrated among wealthier populations, while wealth disparities are less pronounced for outpatient services.

Conclusions:

  • The private sector is a substantial component of healthcare systems in many LMICs, varying significantly by region.
  • Policy development must account for the significant and varied role of private providers in achieving UHC.
  • Targeted strategies may be needed to ensure equitable access to private healthcare services, particularly for inpatient care.