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Related Concept Videos

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder01:27

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that arises following exposure to traumatic events such as natural disasters, forced displacement, or severe accidents. It significantly impairs individuals' ability to cope with daily activities and disrupts their emotional and psychological equilibrium.
Symptoms and Behavioral Manifestations
A spectrum of distressing symptoms characterizes PTSD. Recurrent flashbacks, where individuals involuntarily relive traumatic events,...
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The limbic system, often called the "emotional brain," is a complex set of structures located deep within the brain. The intricate network of the limbic system supports a wide range of psychological functions, from emotional regulation to memory formation and sensory processing. This functional brain region encompasses specific parts of the diencephalon and the cerebrum, integrating the higher mental functions of the cerebral cortex with the primitive emotional responses of the deep brain...
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Dissociative Disorders01:27

Dissociative Disorders

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Dissociative disorders represent complex psychological conditions characterized by disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity, or perception. These disruptions cause individuals to experience a disconnection from their thoughts, emotions, and memories. The phenomenon is not merely an occasional lapse in attention but a profound alteration in mental functioning that can severely impact daily life.
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Traumatic Memory01:20

Traumatic Memory

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Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual...
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The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 7, 2025

Developing Neuroimaging Phenotypes of the Default Mode Network in PTSD: Integrating the Resting State, Working Memory, and Structural Connectivity
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The functional connectome in posttraumatic stress disorder.

Isabella A Breukelaar1,2, Richard A Bryant1,2, Mayuresh S Korgaonkar1,3,4

  • 1Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia.

Neurobiology of Stress
|April 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) shows widespread disruptions in brain connectivity, with reduced connectivity in higher-order networks and increased connectivity in emotional/arousal systems. These changes appear on a spectrum related to trauma exposure and PTSD severity.

Keywords:
ConnectomeFunctional connectivityNetworkNeuropathologyPosttraumatic stress disorderfMRI

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Previous studies focused on region-specific fMRI alterations in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
  • Connectome-wide changes in intrinsic functional connectivity in PTSD remain largely uncharacterized.
  • Understanding these neurobiological changes is crucial for developing novel PTSD treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify connectome-wide disruptions in brain networks in individuals with PTSD.
  • To provide a comprehensive analysis of neural network alterations in PTSD.
  • To compare connectivity patterns between PTSD patients, healthy controls, and trauma-exposed controls.

Main Methods:

  • Functional MRI (fMRI) scans were acquired from 138 participants (67 PTSD, 71 healthy controls).
  • Inter-regional intrinsic functional connectivity was estimated across 436 brain regions and eight large-scale networks.
  • Group differences were analyzed using network-based statistics, with further investigation in 27 trauma-exposed controls.

Main Results:

  • PTSD patients exhibited significantly lower intrinsic functional connectivity within and between default mode, executive, limbic, visual, and somatomotor networks compared to controls.
  • PTSD patients also showed significantly higher connectivity from thalamic and limbic regions to sensory and default-mode regions.
  • Trauma-exposed controls displayed intermediate connectivity patterns, differing from both PTSD and healthy control groups.

Conclusions:

  • A significant imbalance exists between hypoconnectivity in higher-order cortical networks and hyperconnectivity in emotional/arousal systems in PTSD.
  • This imbalance appears to exist on a continuum from trauma exposure to clinical PTSD manifestation.
  • Targeting this systemic functional imbalance may offer a novel therapeutic approach for PTSD.