Post-partum rectus sheath hematoma complication: case report

Pregnancy, surgery, and trauma are known risk factors for the development of rectus sheath hematomas (RSHs). The exact incidence of RSH during pregnancy is unknown, however this disease carries a risk of complication and even mortality. The role of infection in this condition is less known with only a few reported case studies in medical literature. In our case a 26-year-old G4P2113 1-month status post cesarean section presented with 2 weeks of progressive lower abdominal pain after her 50-pound daughter jumped on her. Upon further work up a computed tomography (CT) scan found a 15-cm RSH. Expectant management is the recommended first line of treatment, however, this failed after the patient presented with signs and symptoms of infection. An exploratory laparotomy was performed that had evidence of necrotizing fasciitis of the rectus muscle and subcutaneous tissue. This is a very atypical presentation of a RSH complicated with myonecrosis after a cesarean delivery. Review of the medical literature shows appropriate work up and diagnosis of RSH in pregnant patients is critical for early intervention. Furthermore, while conservative treatment is typically appropriate for non-pregnant patients it may not be sufficient for pregnant and post-partum patients. Improved understanding of this condition will result in heightened clinical suspicion, faster intervention, and more appropriate treatment. This is critical to reducing the maternal and perinatal morbidity/mortality associated with this disease.