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The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
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Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed...
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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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The alkali metal sodium (atomic number 11) has one more electron than the neon atom. This electron must go into the lowest-energy subshell available, the 3s orbital, giving a 1s22s22p63s1 configuration. The electrons occupying the outermost shell orbital(s) (highest value of n) are called valence electrons, and those occupying the inner shell orbitals are called core electrons. Since the core electron shells correspond to noble gas electron configurations, we can abbreviate electron...
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Updated: Nov 7, 2025

Separation of Uranium and Thorium for 230Th-U Dating of Submarine Hydrothermal Sulfides
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Isolation of a Uranium(III)-Carbon Multiple Bond Complex.

Wei Su1, Yanshun Ma2, Libo Xiang1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|April 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Researchers report the first isolable uranium(III)-carbon double bond complex using a carbodiphosphorane (CDP) ligand. This discovery opens new avenues for synthesizing low-valent f-block metal complexes with multiple metal-carbon bonds.

Keywords:
carbodiphosphoranelow-valentmultiple bondquantum chemical calculationuranium

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Area of Science:

  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Uranium Chemistry
  • Ligand Design

Background:

  • Low-valent uranium complexes with multiple bonds are rare.
  • Understanding their bonding and reactivity is crucial for advancing f-block chemistry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a uranium(III)-carbon double bond complex.
  • To investigate the bonding properties of carbodiphosphorane (CDP) ligands in uranium complexes.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of uranium complexes
  • X-ray crystallography
  • Quantum chemical calculations

Main Results:

  • Isolation of the first mononuclear uranium(III)-carbon double bond complex, [(Cp*)2U(CDP)](BPh4) (1).
  • Characterization of the corresponding U(IV) complex, [(Cp*)2U(CDP)](BPh4)2 (2), revealing a U=C bond distance of 2.481 Å.
  • Quantum chemical calculations confirmed the U=C double bond and elucidated the σ- and π-donor capabilities of the CDP ligand in both U(III) and U(IV) complexes.

Conclusions:

  • Carbodiphosphorane (CDP) ligands are effective in stabilizing low-valent uranium centers and forming uranium-carbon multiple bonds.
  • The findings suggest CDPs are promising ligands for creating novel low-valent f-block metal-carbon multiple bond complexes.