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Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Tissue transplantation is a significant medical procedure involving the transfer of cells, tissues, or organs from a donor to a recipient, with the primary aim of restoring lost functions. This procedure is crucial in treating a broad spectrum of diseases, including kidney diseases, liver failure, heart disease, and certain types of cancers.
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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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A kidney transplant is a surgical approach that involves replacing a non-functioning kidney with a healthy one from a donor. This procedure is often a treatment option for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The method requires careful recipient selection, including evaluating various medical and psychosocial factors. These criteria vary between transplant centers but generally include assessments of the patient's overall health, adherence to medical recommendations, and lifestyle...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 7, 2025

Induction of Graft-versus-host Disease and In Vivo T Cell Monitoring Using an MHC-matched Murine Model
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Update on ocular graft-versus-host disease.

Sridevi Nair1, Murugesan Vanathi1, Ritika Mukhija1

  • 1Cornea, Cataract & Refractive Surgery Services, Dr R P Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology
|April 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Ocular graft-versus-host disease (oGVHD) after stem cell transplant causes severe eye problems. This review details diagnostic criteria, grading, and emerging imaging and biomarker research for better oGVHD management.

Keywords:
Bone marrow transplantation (BMT)dry eyedry eye disease (DED)graft versus host disease (GVHD)graft-versus-host diseasehematopoietic stem cell transplantperipheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT)transplant

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Induction and Scoring of Graft-Versus-Host Disease in a Xenogeneic Murine Model and Quantification of Human T Cells in Mouse Tissues using Digital PCR
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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Hematology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Ocular graft-versus-host disease (oGVHD) is a frequent complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).
  • oGVHD significantly impacts patient quality of life due to ocular morbidity.
  • Current management is challenging due to a lack of treatment consensus and disease refractoriness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of diagnostic criteria and grading scales for oGVHD.
  • To discuss the varied clinical presentations and management strategies for oGVHD.
  • To highlight recent advancements in oGVHD diagnosis and prognostication.

Main Methods:

  • Review of diagnostic criteria from National Institutes of Health Consensus Conference (NIH CC) and International Chronic oGVHD (ICCGVHD) groups.
  • Discussion of inflammatory processes affecting the ocular surface (eyelids, meibomian glands, cornea, conjunctiva, lacrimal system).
  • Exploration of advanced imaging techniques (meibography, in vivo confocal microscopy) and tear proteomics.

Main Results:

  • Established diagnostic and grading criteria (NIH CC, ICCGVHD) are currently used.
  • oGVHD involves diverse ocular structures, leading to varied clinical presentations.
  • Novel imaging and biomarker research shows promise for early diagnosis and monitoring.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis and grading are essential for managing oGVHD.
  • Advanced imaging and tear biomarker research offer potential for objective assessment and treatment response monitoring.
  • Further research is needed to refine diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for oGVHD.