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Reasons for presenteeism in different occupational branches in Sweden: a population based cross-sectional study
Staffan Marklund1, Klas Gustafsson2, Gunnar Bergström3,4
1Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
Summary
Presenteeism is more common in people-facing roles, driven by a desire not to burden colleagues. Tailored workplace interventions are crucial for reducing presenteeism and improving employee well-being.
Area of Science:
- Occupational Health
- Workplace Psychology
- Sociology of Work
Background:
- Presenteeism, the act of working while sick or unwell, poses risks to employee health and organizational productivity.
- Understanding the prevalence and underlying reasons for presenteeism across different occupational sectors is crucial for developing effective interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the prevalence and reasons for presenteeism among employees in three distinct occupational branches: handling people, handling things, and handling symbols.
- To identify specific drivers of presenteeism within each occupational category to inform targeted workplace strategies.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional, population-based cohort study utilizing data from the Swedish Work Environment Surveys (SWES) 2015 and 2017.
- A representative sample of 6230 employees aged 16-64 was analyzed using binomial multiple logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for presenteeism reasons, stratified by occupational category.
Main Results:
- Presenteeism was most prevalent among employees handling people (74%), followed by those handling symbols (70%) and handling things (65%).
- Key reasons for presenteeism differed: 'I do not want to burden my colleagues' was primary for people-handlers, while 'Because nobody else can carry out my responsibilities' dominated for thing- and symbol-handlers.
- These differences in reasons remained significant across occupational categories after controlling for socio-demographic factors, work environments, and health status.
Conclusions:
- Occupational category significantly influences both the prevalence and the reasons behind presenteeism.
- Given the impact of presenteeism on employee health and productivity, targeted preventive measures are essential.
- Customized interventions are recommended, focusing on team support for people-handlers and shared task responsibility for thing- and symbol-handlers.
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