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During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
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The Codon Usage Code for Cotranslational Folding of Viral Capsids.

Rosa M Pintó1, Albert Bosch1

  • 1Enteric Virus Laboratory, Section of Microbiology, Virology and Biotechnology, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, School of Biology, and Institute of Nutrition and Safety, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

Genome Biology and Evolution
|April 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Organisms exhibit codon bias due to mutation, drift, and selection. This study highlights how translation rate control, alongside efficiency and accuracy, influences codon usage, particularly in RNA viruses.

Keywords:
codon usagecotranslational foldingprotein foldingtranslation kinetics selectiontranslation selectionvirus

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genetics
  • Virology

Background:

  • Codon bias is a widespread phenomenon in all organisms.
  • Selection for translation efficiency and accuracy are known drivers of codon usage.
  • The role of translation rate control in shaping codon bias is less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of translation rate control on codon usage in RNA viruses.
  • To explore the mechanisms underlying codon bias using experimental molecular evolution.
  • To provide experimental evidence for the role of codon frequency in viral phenotypes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing experimental molecular evolution with RNA virus populations.
  • Analyzing codon usage patterns in viral genomes.
  • Investigating the impact of deoptimized codons on cotranslational folding in viral capsids.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the role of deoptimized codons in cotranslational folding.
  • Provided experimental evidence in poliovirus and hepatitis A virus capsids.
  • Emphasized the link between codon frequency and viral phenotype.

Conclusions:

  • Translation rate control is an additional selective pressure influencing codon usage.
  • Experimental studies are crucial for understanding codon bias evolution in viruses.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the role of selection on codon evolution.