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Related Concept Videos

Damped Oscillations01:07

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In the real world, oscillations seldom follow true simple harmonic motion. A system that continues its motion indefinitely without losing its amplitude is termed undamped. However, friction of some sort usually dampens the motion, so it fades away or needs more force to continue. For example, a guitar string stops oscillating a few seconds after being plucked. Similarly, one must continually push a swing to keep a child swinging on a playground.
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If the amount of damping in a system is gradually increased, the period and frequency start to become affected because damping opposes, and hence slows, the back and forth motion (the net force is smaller in both directions). If there is a very large amount of damping, the system does not even oscillate; instead, it slowly moves toward equilibrium. In brief, an overdamped system moves slowly towards equilibrium, whereas an underdamped system moves quickly to equilibrium but will oscillate about...
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The Hartley oscillator is a positive feedback system that sustains oscillations by feeding the output back to the input in phase, thereby reinforcing the signal. Positive feedback systems can be viewed as negative feedback systems with inverted feedback signals. In these systems, the root locus encompasses all points on the s-plane where the angle of the system transfer function equals 360 degrees.
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Creating Rapid Oxygen Oscillations in Microbial Single-cell Growth Analysis using a Microfluidic Double-layer Device
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Emergent Damped Oscillation Induced by Nutrient-Modulating Growth Feedback.

Juan Melendez-Alvarez1, Changhan He2, Rong Zhang1

  • 1School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States.

ACS Synthetic Biology
|April 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Growth feedback in synthetic gene circuits can cause unexpected damped oscillations. This study reveals how nutrient levels and ribosome allocation influence these emergent behaviors in self-activation circuits.

Keywords:
circuit−host interactionsmetabolic burdenresource allocationribosometopology

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Area of Science:

  • Synthetic biology
  • Systems biology
  • Gene circuit dynamics

Background:

  • Growth feedback, the coupling between synthetic gene circuits and host cell growth, significantly impacts circuit behavior.
  • Previous studies reported emergent behaviors like bistability and memory loss due to growth feedback.
  • The influence of growth feedback on specific circuit functions remains underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of nutrient-modulating growth feedback on synthetic gene circuit function.
  • To characterize the unexpected damped oscillatory behavior in a self-activation gene circuit.
  • To elucidate the underlying mechanisms and dependencies of these emergent dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental induction of damped oscillations in a self-activation gene circuit by nutrient dilution.
  • Coarse-grained modeling to analyze growth-rate regulation on gene production.
  • Molecular mathematical modeling incorporating ribosome allocation, cell growth, and maintenance.
  • Experimental verification of model predictions by varying nutrient levels.

Main Results:

  • A self-activation gene circuit exhibited damped oscillations after dilution into fresh medium with moderate nutrients.
  • Cell growth led to an initial decrease in gene expression, followed by an overshoot before reaching a steady state.
  • Modeling revealed nonmonotonic growth-rate regulation and predicted maximal oscillation amplitude in moderate nutrient conditions.
  • Experimental results confirmed the predicted nutrient-dependent oscillation amplitude and highlighted topology dependence (no oscillations in toggle switch).

Conclusions:

  • Nutrient-modulating growth feedback can induce unexpected damped oscillatory behavior in self-activation gene circuits.
  • Ribosome allocation between gene production and cell growth is a key mechanism underlying these oscillations.
  • The emergence of damped oscillations is dependent on both circuit network topology and nutrient availability.