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Related Concept Videos

Phase II Reactions: Acetylation Reactions01:24

Phase II Reactions: Acetylation Reactions

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Acetylation, a phase II biotransformation reaction, introduces an acetyl group to drugs or their metabolites. Acetyltransferase enzymes facilitate this reaction, which resembles α-amino acid conjugation due to the addition of a functional group to the drug molecule.
The substrates for acetylation are typically drugs or their metabolites with an amino, sulfonamide, or hydrazine functional group. Acetylation can occur at several points in the drug molecule, including primary, secondary, and...
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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 7, 2025

Isolation of Intermediate Filament Proteins from Multiple Mouse Tissues to Study Aging-associated Post-translational Modifications
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Protein acetylation in cardiac aging.

Ashley Francois1, Alessandro Canella1, Lynn M Marcho1

  • 1Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.

Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology
|April 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Biological aging causes cellular dysfunction, impacting genetic and metabolic integrity. This review explores how protein acetylation and other modifications influence cardiac aging and heart failure risk in older adults.

Keywords:
AcetylationCardiac agingEpigeneticHistone deacetylase

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Biological aging involves progressive cellular dysfunction, including DNA damage, mitochondrial issues, and altered gene expression.
  • Heart failure, particularly in individuals over 65, remains a significant cause of mortality and hospitalization.
  • Historical research links metabolic changes to aging, with early studies noting age-dependent molecular alterations in muscle and heart tissue.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of acetylation in biological processes relevant to cardiac aging.
  • To introduce non-acetyl lysine modifications and their impact on heart function and aging.
  • To highlight the growing research interest in cardiac aging driven by demographic shifts.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on biological aging, cellular dysfunction, and cardiac aging.
  • Analysis of research on protein-acylation, specifically acetylation and non-acetyl lysine modifications.
  • Examination of epidemiological data on heart failure prevalence and mortality in aging populations.

Main Results:

  • Protein-acylation is identified as a key mediator of age-dependent cellular changes.
  • Acetylation regulates critical biological processes involved in cardiac aging.
  • Emerging evidence points to non-acetyl lysine modifications also playing a role in cardiac function and aging.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding acetylation-dependent regulation is crucial for addressing age-related cardiac dysfunction.
  • Further research into non-acetyl modifications may reveal new therapeutic targets for age-related heart failure.
  • The increasing elderly population necessitates a deeper focus on the mechanisms of cardiac aging.