Rapid Benzylation of Wood Powder without Heating

Converting wood waste into thermoplastic materials is an attractive means of increasing its utilization. A promising method for imparting thermoplasticity to wood is chemical modification, in which the hydroxyl groups in wood are substituted with benzyl groups. In the common method, wood powder is first treated with a highly concentrated aqueous NaOH solution, and then reacted with a benzylation reagent by heating for a long time under stirring. In this study, a 50% aqueous tetra-n-butylphosphonium hydroxide solution was used for the pretreatment of wood powder. This modified alkaline treatment enhanced the efficiency of the subsequent benzylation reaction, which could be conducted without heating over a shorter time. The effects of various conditions on the efficiency of the benzylation reaction were evaluated. Both the alkali pretreatment and the subsequent benzylation required only ~5-10 min of stirring without heating to obtain benzylated wood with a similar degree of benzylation as that achieved by the common method. The chemical structure of the benzylated wood powder was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared and solid-state NMR spectroscopies, and its thermal softening characteristics were evaluated by thermomechanical analysis. Finally, a translucent film could be obtained by hot-pressing the benzylated wood powder.