Recent Research Progress on Lignin-Derived Resins for Natural Fiber Composite Applications

By increasing the environmental concerns and depletion of petroleum resources, bio-based resins have gained interest. Recently, lignin, vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde), and divanillin (6,6'-dihydroxy-5,5'-dimethoxybiphenyl-3,3'-dicarbaldehyde)-based resins have attracted attention due to the low cost, environmental benefits, good thermal stability, excellent mechanical properties, and suitability for high-performance natural fiber composite applications. This review highlights the recent use of lignin, vanillin, and divanillin-based resins with natural fiber composites and their synthesized processes. Finally, discussions are made on the curing kinetics, mechanical properties, flame retardancy, and bio-based resins' adhesion property.