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Related Concept Videos

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

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IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the...
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In IR spectroscopy, signals produced by the X−H bonds (such as C−H, O−H, or N−H) can be observed in the frequency range of  2700–4000 cm–1. The C−H stretching vibration forms sharp bands in the region 2850–3000 cm–1. The presence of the O−H stretching vibration leads to the forming of an absorption band in the frequency range 3650–3200 cm−1. At the same time, N−H stretching can be confirmed by absorption bands in...
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IR Spectrum01:19

IR Spectrum

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When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
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IR Absorption Frequency: Hybridization01:21

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Hydrocarbons such as alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes show characteristic C–H stretching absorption bands. These IR stretching frequencies depend on the hybridization of the involved carbon atom and can be explained in terms of the s character of each hybridized atomic orbital.
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The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
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Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

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When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
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Frequency-Spectra-Based High Coding Capacity Chipless RFID Using an UWB-IR Approach.

Kawther Mekki1, Omrane Necibi2, Hugo Dinis3

  • 1Laboratory for Research on Microwave Electronics, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092 El Manar, Tunisia.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 30, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new method to predict radio frequency identification (RFID) chipless tag resonance. The technique distinguishes informative antenna-mode backscatter from non-informative structural-mode signals without calibration tags.

Keywords:
RFIDUWB-IRamplitudeantennabackscatterchipless tagreader

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Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Electromagnetics
  • Radio Frequency Identification Technology

Background:

  • Chipless RFID tags offer a cost-effective alternative to traditional RFID systems.
  • Accurate prediction of resonant characteristics is crucial for reliable chipless tag performance.
  • Existing methods often require calibration tags and are sensitive to tag orientation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel methodology for reliably predicting the resonant characteristics of multipatch backscatter-based RFID chipless tags.
  • To differentiate between informative and non-informative components of backscattered signals.
  • To develop an orientation-independent and calibration-free prediction technique.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing an ultra-wideband impulse radio (UWB-IR) reader to interrogate the chipless tag with a UWB pulse.
  • Analyzing the backscattered signal in the time domain to identify structural and antenna modes.
  • Evaluating the spectral quality of different backscatter components.
  • Validating simulation findings with experimental measurements using a 6-bit multipatch chipless RFID tag.

Main Results:

  • The antenna-mode backscatter component was identified as carrying essential information for tag identification.
  • The structural-mode backscatter component was found to be devoid of tag-specific information.
  • The proposed technique demonstrated successful prediction of resonant characteristics without the need for calibration tags.
  • Experimental validation confirmed the simulation results in an anechoic chamber.

Conclusions:

  • The novel methodology reliably predicts resonant characteristics of multipatch chipless RFID tags.
  • The technique effectively distinguishes informative antenna-mode signals from non-informative structural-mode signals.
  • The developed method is calibration-free and allows for free orientation of tags relative to the reader, enhancing practical applicability.