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Quinoa Productivity and Stability Evaluation through Varietal and Environmental Interaction
Elhadji Thiam1, Asmaa Allaoui1, Ouafae Benlhabib1
1Département de Production, Protection et Biotechnologies Végétales, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat B.P 6202, Morocco.
Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 30, 2021
Summary
Quinoa cultivation in Morocco shows significant potential for food security, with high variability in yield and adaptation across diverse agro-climatic sites. Specific varieties like SW2 and Riobamba demonstrate promising productivity and stability.
Area of Science:
- Agricultural Science
- Agronomy
- Plant Breeding
Background:
- Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is a pseudocereal with high nutritional value and adaptability to various environments, identified as a key crop for global food security.
- Morocco initiated quinoa cultivation in 1999, leveraging its tolerance to drought, salinity, frost, and marginal soils.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the agro-morphological adaptation of 14 quinoa varieties/lines from diverse origins across five contrasting agro-climatic sites in central Morocco.
- To identify high-yielding and stable quinoa genotypes suitable for Moroccan agro-ecosystems.
Main Methods:
- Field trials were conducted across five distinct agro-climatic zones in Morocco.
- Fourteen quinoa varieties and lines were assessed using fourteen agro-morphological traits.
- Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) analysis was employed to evaluate genotype by environment interactions and stability.
Main Results:
- Significant variability was observed among quinoa varieties and across sites for all assessed traits.
- The Meknes site yielded the highest grain production (78.6 qx/ha). The Moroccan line SW2 achieved the highest overall grain yield (78.3 qx/ha).
- Varieties Riobamba and W11 were identified as stable and productive, yielding above the average (42.7 qx/ha). Titicaca showed the best harvest index (0.69) and thousand-kernel weight (3.4 g) but high sensitivity to mildew.
Conclusions:
- Quinoa exhibits considerable potential for cultivation in Morocco, with notable variations in performance influenced by genotype and site-specific conditions.
- Genotype by environment interaction significantly impacts quinoa yield variability, highlighting the importance of selecting adapted varieties for specific regions.
- Further research and breeding efforts are warranted to optimize quinoa production and stability in diverse Moroccan agro-climatic conditions.
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