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Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation01:22

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Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme...
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Elevated Carbon Dioxide and Chronic Warming Together Decrease Nitrogen Uptake Rate, Net Translocation, and

Dileepa M Jayawardena1, Scott A Heckathorn1, Krishani K Rajanayake2

  • 1Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
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PubMed
Summary

Elevated CO2 and warming together reduce tomato plant growth and nitrogen uptake. This decrease in nitrogen assimilation is linked to reduced plant demand, not resource limitation.

Keywords:
Solanumclimate changeelevated CO2heat stressnitrogen assimilationnitrogen metabolismnitrogen uptaketomatowarming

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Area of Science:

  • Plant physiology
  • Environmental science
  • Biogeochemistry

Background:

  • Plant nitrogen (N) relations are crucial for growth and productivity.
  • The combined effects of elevated CO2 (eCO2) and warming on plant N dynamics are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of combined eCO2 and warming on tomato plant N relations.
  • To determine the mechanisms behind changes in N uptake and assimilation under these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) were grown under different CO2 concentrations (400 or 700 ppm) and temperatures (33/28 or 38/33 °C day/night).
  • Soil was labeled with stable isotopes (15NO3- or 15NH4+) to track N uptake and translocation.
  • Measurements included plant dry mass, N-uptake rates, N translocation, N assimilation, and root resource availability.

Main Results:

  • Combined eCO2 and warming significantly decreased plant growth, N-uptake rates (both NO3- and NH4+), root-to-shoot N translocation, and whole-plant N assimilation compared to individual treatments.
  • The reduction in N assimilation was primarily due to inhibited NO3- assimilation.
  • These N metabolism changes were not linked to limitations in root resources (carbon, nitrogen, carbohydrates) or damage to N-assimilatory proteins.

Conclusions:

  • Combined elevated CO2 and warming negatively impact tomato plant nitrogen uptake and assimilation.
  • Reduced N assimilation under these conditions is likely a consequence of decreased plant N demand, potentially driven by reduced photosynthesis and growth.
  • Further research should explore the signaling pathways linking reduced growth to suppressed N uptake and assimilation.