Endothelial Dysfunction, Inflammation and Coronary Artery Disease: Potential Biomarkers and Promising Therapeutical
Diana Jhoseline Medina-Leyte1,2, Oscar Zepeda-García1,2, Mayra Domínguez-Pérez1
1Genomics of Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico.
Insights
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of death. Understanding endothelial dysfunction and identifying new biomarkers are crucial for preventing atherosclerosis and CAD complications.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Coronary artery disease (CAD) and its complications are the leading global cause of mortality.
- Endothelial dysfunction and inflammation are central to atherosclerosis development and progression, increasing cardiovascular event risk.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current knowledge on endothelial function in CAD.
- To identify novel molecular and cellular biomarkers for endothelial dysfunction.
- To explore therapeutic strategies for preventing and treating atherosclerosis and CAD.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent scientific information.
- Analysis of molecular biology techniques and liquid biopsies.
- Examination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions.
Main Results:
- Advances in molecular biology and liquid biopsies have identified numerous markers of endothelial dysfunction.
- These markers offer insights into atherosclerosis mechanisms and serve as potential therapeutic targets.
- Both traditional and novel biomarkers are discussed in relation to endothelial health.
Conclusions:
- Understanding endothelial dysfunction is key to preventing CAD.
- Novel biomarkers identified through advanced techniques show promise for early detection and treatment.
- Therapeutic strategies targeting endothelial protection are vital for managing atherosclerosis and reducing CAD risk.
Abstract:
Coronary artery disease (CAD) and its complications are the leading cause of death worldwide. Inflammatory activation and dysfunction of the endothelium are key events in the development and pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and are associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular events. There is great interest to further understand the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis progression, and to identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic strategies to prevent endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis and to reduce the risk of developing CAD and its complications. The use of liquid biopsies and new molecular biology techniques have allowed the identification of a growing list of molecular and cellular markers of endothelial dysfunction, which have provided insight on the molecular basis of atherosclerosis and are potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the prevention and or treatment of atherosclerosis and CAD. This review describes recent information on normal vascular endothelium function, as well as traditional and novel potential biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, and pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapeutic strategies aimed to protect the endothelium or reverse endothelial damage, as a preventive treatment for CAD and related complications.
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