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Prebiotic Pathway from Ribose to RNA Formation.

Gaspar Banfalvi1

  • 1Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Debrecen, 1 Egyetem Square, 4010 Debrecen, Hungary.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|April 30, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study explains the prebiotic RNA (preRNA) origin from hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and ribose. Higher temperatures favored ribose yield, enabling RNA formation without nucleotide precursors.

Keywords:
fitting of aldopentosesgenRNA synthesishydrolysis of preRNAphosphorylation of NMPspreRNA synthesisribose formation

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Area of Science:

  • Origin of Life Studies
  • Prebiotic Chemistry
  • RNA World Hypothesis

Background:

  • The prebiotic synthesis of ribose is crucial for understanding the origin of RNA.
  • A gap exists in explaining the transition from simple molecules to prebiotic RNA (preRNA).
  • Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is a proposed precursor for prebiotic sugars.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the link between prebiotic ribose synthesis and the emergence of preRNA.
  • To propose a mechanism for RNA formation without nucleotide precursors.

Main Methods:

  • Review of abiotic chemical reactions, focusing on the formose reaction.
  • Analysis of factors influencing ribose yield and stability at higher temperatures.

Main Results:

  • Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is identified as a key precursor for aldopentoses, including ribose.
  • Elevated temperatures enhance ribose synthesis and stability, facilitating polymerization.
  • PreRNA could form directly through polymerization and nucleobase coupling, bypassing nucleotide intermediates.

Conclusions:

  • Ribose, favored by higher temperatures, likely drove preRNA formation from HCN.
  • The hydrolysis of preRNA, due to 2'-OH groups, led to nucleoside monophosphates.
  • Phosphorylation of nucleoside monophosphates yielded triphosphates, enabling genetic RNA synthesis.