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The Relationship between HIV Duration, Insulin Resistance and Diabetes Risk
Eduard Tiozzo1, Allan Rodriguez2, Janet Konefal3
1Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
Summary
Longer HIV duration is linked to increased risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus due to impaired insulin sensitivity. This highlights the need for ongoing research into long-term HIV effects and treatments.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Infectious Diseases
- Metabolic Health
Background:
- People living with HIV (PLWH) face a significantly higher risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), often developing it earlier and without obesity.
- Understanding the factors contributing to T2DM in PLWH is crucial for effective management and prevention strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between the duration of HIV infection and glucose metabolism in people living with HIV.
- To identify specific metabolic changes related to long-term HIV exposure.
Main Methods:
- An analytical cross-sectional study involving 82 people living with HIV.
- Participants were divided into two groups based on HIV duration: shorter (≤15 years) and longer (≥16 years).
- Demographic, clinical, biomarker, and dietary data were collected and compared between the groups.
Main Results:
- Individuals with longer HIV duration were older, more likely to be women, and consumed less alcohol.
- Higher levels of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and fasting insulin were observed in the longer HIV duration group.
- Adjusted analyses confirmed that longer HIV duration was significantly associated with higher HOMA-IR and fasting insulin levels, indicating impaired insulin sensitivity.
Conclusions:
- Prolonged exposure to HIV infection is associated with reduced insulin sensitivity.
- Further research is necessary to understand the long-term metabolic consequences of HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy.
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