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Related Concept Videos

Soundness of Cement01:17

Soundness of Cement

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The soundness of cement refers to the ability of cement paste to retain its volume after setting. Unsound cement can lead to expansion and structural damage due to the presence of free lime, magnesia, and calcium sulfate. Free lime hydrates very slowly, expanding and causing unsoundness, which is difficult to detect because it intercrystallizes with other compounds. Magnesia also reacts with water, forming crystals that can disrupt the cement's structure. Calcium sulfate can create...
313
Vibrating Concrete01:19

Vibrating Concrete

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Mechanical vibrators are instrumental in compacting newly poured concrete within formwork and around reinforcements. This process is essential to eliminate trapped air pockets and establish a dense concrete mass. One widely used method is vibrating by internal vibrators, often referred to as a poker vibrator or immersion vibrator. It is rapidly inserted through the full depth of the freshly laid concrete and slightly extends into the layer below it (which remains in a plastic state). Consistent...
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Fineness of Cement01:15

Fineness of Cement

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The fineness of cement directly influences the rate of hydration, as the hydration begins at the surface of the cement particles. In addition to hydration, the fineness of cement is vital for various properties of concrete including workability, gypsum requirement, and long-term behavior. The fineness of cement is represented in terms of the specific surface of cement which is typically measured in square meters per kilogram, with several methods available for this determination.
Direct...
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Microcracking in Concrete01:20

Microcracking in Concrete

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Microcracking in concrete refers to the tiny cracks that can form within the material even before any external load is applied. These microcracks typically occur at the interface between the coarse aggregate and the hydrated cement paste, often as a result of differential volume changes prompted by variations in stress-strain behavior, as well as thermal and moisture movement. Initially, these microcracks remain stable and do not grow substantially until the concrete is stressed to about 30...
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Creep in Concrete01:22

Creep in Concrete

670
Creep refers to the time-dependent increase in strain under a sustained load, excluding other time-dependent deformations associated with shrinkage, swelling, and thermal expansion in concrete. The primary mechanism behind creep involves the loss of physically adsorbed water from the calcium silicate hydrate within the hydrated cement paste. This process is further exacerbated by concrete's non-linear stress-strain relationship, microcrack development in the interfacial transition zone, and...
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Curing of Concrete01:20

Curing of Concrete

224
The hydration of cement takes place within the water-filled capillary pores. However, environmental elements can disrupt this process by evaporating water from the concrete surfaces. Sealed concrete with a water-cement ratio below 0.5 experiences self-desiccation, leading to water loss. The water loss in concrete is mitigated by curing. This technique involves keeping the concrete saturated to maintain the necessary temperature and moisture conditions, to optimally fill the spaces in the cement...
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Elastic Wave Monitoring of Cementitious Mixtures Including Internal Curing Mechanisms.

Gerlinde Lefever1, Didier Snoeck1,2, Nele De Belie2

  • 1Department of Mechanics of Materials and Constructions, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 30, 2021
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Summary

Internal curing effectively mitigates cement shrinkage using water reservoirs. Acoustic emission (AE) and ultrasound non-destructively monitor water release and hydration kinetics, evaluating internal curing efficiency.

Keywords:
acoustic emissioncementhydrogelsinternal curinglightweight aggregatessuperabsorbent polymersultrasound

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Civil Engineering
  • Construction Materials

Background:

  • Autogenous shrinkage in cementitious materials is a critical issue affecting durability.
  • Internal curing, utilizing water reservoirs like lightweight aggregates or superabsorbent polymers, is a key mitigation strategy.
  • Monitoring the onset and efficiency of water release from internal curing reservoirs is challenging due to microstructural processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the application of acoustic emission (AE) and ultrasonic testing for monitoring internal curing in cementitious materials.
  • To evaluate the sensitivity of these non-destructive techniques to fundamental mechanisms like water release and hydration kinetics.
  • To demonstrate a practical and implementable method for assessing internal curing effectiveness.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing acoustic emission (AE) sensors to monitor the initiation, intensity, and duration of the internal curing process.
  • Employing AE to detect water evaporation from saturated cementitious specimens.
  • Applying ultrasonic testing to observe differences in hydration kinetics influenced by various internal curing methods.

Main Results:

  • Acoustic emission (AE) successfully monitored the internal curing process, including water release and evaporation.
  • Ultrasonic testing revealed distinct differences in hydration kinetics based on the internal curing approach.
  • Combined AE and ultrasound experiments demonstrated high sensitivity to microstructural mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Acoustic emission (AE) is a powerful non-destructive tool for evaluating internal curing in cementitious materials.
  • The combined use of AE and ultrasound provides comprehensive insights into internal curing mechanisms and material behavior.
  • This approach offers a practical and implementable method for quality control in concrete technology.