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Cross-reactivity

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Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 7, 2025

Utilizing the Antigen Capsid-Incorporation Strategy for the Development of Adenovirus Serotype 5-Vectored Vaccine Approaches

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Cross-Antigenicity between EV71 Sub-Genotypes: Implications for Vaccine Efficacy.

Pei Liu¹, Yadi Yuan¹, Bopei Cui¹

¹National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102600, China.

|April 30, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Enterovirus A-71 (EV71) causes severe hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). A C4 EV71 vaccine demonstrated broad protection against multiple EV71 sub-genotypes in infants and children, suggesting global HFMD prevention potential.

Keywords:

cross-neutralization enterovirus 71 (EV71)genotype vaccine

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Published on: March 8, 2012

Area of Science:

Virology
Immunology
Vaccinology

Background:

Enterovirus A-71 (EV71) is a significant global pathogen causing severe hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD).
Effective prevention of HFMD outbreaks relies on vaccines inducing cross-neutralizing antibodies (NTAbs) against diverse EV71 sub-genotypes.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the cross-neutralizing antibody activities induced by various EV71 genotypes/sub-genotypes.
To assess the protective efficacy of a C4 EV71 vaccine in infants, children, and rats against different EV71 sub-genotypes.

Main Methods:

Rats were immunized with EV71 genotype/sub-genotype viruses (A, B0-B4, C1, C2, C4, C5) to test cross-neutralization.
Neutralization antibody titers (NTAb) and maximum/minimum NTAb ratios (MAX/MIN) were analyzed.
Sera from infants, children, and rats vaccinated with C4 EV71 vaccine were tested for cross-neutralizing titers against 10 sub-genotypes.

Main Results:

Generally good cross-neutralization was observed, with lowest titers against genotype A and highest against sub-genotype B4.
Homogenous NTAb responses were induced by C4, B4, C1, and C2 viruses (MAX/MIN 4.0–6.0), while B3 and A showed high variability (MAX/MIN 48.0–256.0).
C4 EV71 vaccination in infants, children, and rats elicited good cross-neutralizing titers (MAX/MIN 1.8–7.1), comparable to naturally infected individuals (2.8).

Conclusions:

The C4 EV71 vaccine provides broad protection against HFMD caused by diverse EV71 sub-genotypes.
This suggests the potential for global protection in infants and children.
The study highlights the importance of cross-neutralizing antibodies for effective HFMD prevention strategies.