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Optimization of Bokashi-Composting Process Using Effective Microorganisms-1 in Smart Composting Bin.

Pei Sze Lew1, Nik Nor Liyana Nik Ibrahim1, Suryani Kamarudin1

  • 1Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.

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|April 30, 2021
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Summary

This study optimized bokashi composting of household food waste using a smart bin and varying Effective Microorganisms-1 (EM-1) concentrations. The optimal 12 mL EM-1 yielded faster decomposition and superior compost quality, reducing landfill waste.

Keywords:
IoTWIFIbokashi compostingsmart composting bin

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Waste Management
  • Sustainable Agriculture

Background:

  • Malaysia faces significant daily food waste generation, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions from landfills.
  • Effective waste management strategies are crucial to mitigate environmental pollution and resource depletion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop high-quality bokashi compost from household organic waste using a smart composting bin.
  • To determine the optimal concentration of Effective Microorganisms-1 (EM-1) for efficient bokashi composting.
  • To monitor composting parameters and assess compost effectiveness in soil.

Main Methods:

  • Household organic waste, specifically banana peels, were composted using bokashi bran with three EM-1 concentrations (12, 22, 32 mL).
  • A smart composting bin equipped with an ATmega328 microcontroller recorded temperature, humidity, and moisture, synchronizing data to Google Sheets via Wi-Fi.
  • Compost effectiveness was evaluated by burying samples in soil for three weeks, followed by analysis of NPK values and C/N ratio.

Main Results:

  • The bokashi compost prepared with 12 mL of EM-1 demonstrated the fastest decomposition rate.
  • This optimal EM-1 concentration resulted in a favorable Carbon/Nitrogen (C/N) ratio in the final compost.
  • The smart bin successfully monitored and recorded composting environmental data.

Conclusions:

  • Bokashi composting is an effective method for reducing household food waste.
  • Optimizing EM-1 concentration is key to producing high-quality bokashi compost.
  • This sustainable approach minimizes environmental impact and enhances soil quality.